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Vítima de exclusão acadêmica nos anos 40, principalmente pelo seu enfoque na análise de gênero, Ruth Landes tem sido reivindicada hoje como pioneira feminista da etnografia de raça e gênero. No ano passado, depois de 50 anos, o seu livro A Cidade das Mulheres foi reeditado em inglês. Lido hoje, o argumento do livro parece ser quase uma profecia de certas tendências da Antropologia contemporânea. Mas é interessante ver como esse argumento surgiu não da rejeição dos paradigmas então dominantes, mas sim da tentativa de estendê-los. Neste trabalho, eu avanço uma leitura da formação e produção intelectual de Ruth Landes, comparando seus escritos com os outros trabalhos etnográficos produzidos no boom dos estudos afro-baianos. Essa comparação mostra tanto a novidade da tentativa de Landes de analisar raça e gênero ao mesmo tempo, quanto as origens dessa tentativa nos trabalhos de suas professoras Benedict e Mead. Como foi o caso delas, até os mais interessantes argumentos de Landes estavam baseados no conceito colonialista do “primitivo”, conceito que fez possível tanto a clareza quanto a cegueira de Landes, quando ela olhou para as mulheres afro-baianas.
Abstract
This article discusses Ruth Landes’s intellectual itinerary and production. Comparing her work with other ethnographies produced during the boom of afro-Bahian studies shows how innovative Landes’s efforts to analize race and gender simultaneously were. It also shows these efforts might be traced in Benedict’s and Mead’s works. Like these authors even Landes most interesting statements were based on the colonialist concept of the “primitive”. This concept collaborated both in Landes insights and blindness towards afro-Bahian women.
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