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Coaliciones de producción de vacunas COVID-19
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Palavras-chave

Vacinas COVID-19
Coalizões de produção
Indústria biofarmacêutica
Redes de valor

Como Citar

SANMARTIN, Maria Cecilia; BORTZ , Gabriela. Coaliciones de producción de vacunas COVID-19: una mirada desde Latinoamérica. Revista Brasileira de Inovação, Campinas, SP, v. 23, n. 00, 2024. DOI: 10.20396/rbi.v23i00.8672839. Disponível em: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/rbi/article/view/8672839. Acesso em: 11 fev. 2025.

Resumo

A pandemia da COVID-19 representou um grande desafio global. As grandes farmácias de todo o mundo se juntaram à corrida para desenvolver vacinas e capturar o mercado. Entretanto, houve uma forte concentração do desenvolvimento e produção de vacinas em países desenvolvidos, com novos participantes de países em desenvolvimento, principalmente de envasamento e embalagem de vacinas. Isto acentuou as diferenças centro-periferia/semi-periferia em termos de geopolítica e a posição desfavorecida dos países em desenvolvimento nas redes de valor. Neste contexto particular, este documento propõe analisar a dinâmica de poder presente nas redes de valor de vacinas COVID-19 através do prisma conceitual da economia política e da análise construtivista da tecnologia. Em particular, será realizada uma análise qualitativa dos casos do Brasil e da Argentina, em termos de países em desenvolvimento com um histórico de capacidade de fabricação de vacinas. A análise destes casos nos permite visualizar as assimetrias de poder nas redes de valor, assim como os diferentes imaginários e representações co-produzidas com a dinâmica de poder das grandes empresas (bio)farmacêuticas multinacionais. No caso argentino, o contexto da pandemia permitiu uma re-legitimação e empoderamento do setor (bio)farmacêutico privado nacional, com relações mais fluidas entre os diferentes atores da rede de valor da vacina COVID-19. Entretanto, a implantação de políticas transversais (aos setores CTI, produtivo e de saúde) para reduzir a desconexão entre o setor público de C&T e o setor (bio)farmacêutico privado. No caso do Brasil, embora os imaginários e culturas institucionais embutidos nas políticas transversais de produção de vacinas públicas contribuam para a capacitação do setor público de C&T em relação às empresas (bio)farmacêuticas internacionais, o setor público está longe de atingir seus níveis de investimento em P&D, priorizando a produção em massa de vacinas, mesmo com tecnologias importadas. Neste documento, são mencionadas algumas lições políticas para que os países em desenvolvimento se tornem mais resilientes em sua participação em redes de valor de vacinas. Estas incluem o fortalecimento de capacidades complementares e redes de valor regional, buscando a convergência regulatória em nível regional, bem como revisões de propriedade intelectual. Muitos dos países em desenvolvimento demonstraram possuir capacidades de fabricação e tecnológicas na produção de vacinas COVID-19. Entretanto, o poder proprietário, ideacional e material exercido pelas multinacionais (e incorporado nas tecnologias que desenvolvem) limita a dinâmica de autonomia e capacitação nos países com um papel subordinado na governança de redes de valor de vacinas.

https://doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v23i00.8672839
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