Palavras-chave
Como Citar
Resumo
Este artigo analisa a influência do conteúdo da mídia em períodos eleitorais específicos. Os autores afirmam a importância do momentum da midia no processo de indicação de candidatos, através do estudo das eleições presidenciais norte-americanas de 1988.
Abstract
This article analyses the influence of the media content in especific electoral periods. The authors affirm the importance of the media momentum in the process of nomination of candidates, studying the 1988 American presidential election.
Keywords: media, momentum, political information
Referências
ABRAMSON, P. R.; ALDRICH, J. H.; ROHDE, D. W. Change and continuity in the 1988 elections. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1990.
ANDREOLI, V.; WORCHEL, S. Effects of Media, Communicator, and Message Position on Attitude Change. Public Opinion Quarterly, v. 42, p. 59-70, 1978.
BARTELS, L. M. Information and momentum in presidential primaries. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, 1987.
BARTELS, L. M. Presidential primaries and the dynamics of public choice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 1988.
BARTELS, L. M.; BROH, C. A. The polls: a review: the 1988 presidential primaries. Public Opinion
Quarterly, v. 53, p. 563-89, 1989.
BRADY, H. E. Chances, utilities, and voting in presidential primaries. Occasional paper n. 85-5,
Center for American Political Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1985.
BRADY, H. E.; JOHNSTON, R. What is the primary message: horse race or issue journalism?. In: ORREN, G.; POLSBY, N. (ed.). Media and momentum: the New Hampshire primary and nomination
politics. Chatham: Chatham House, 1987.
BRODY, R. A.; PAGE, B. I. The impact of events on presidential popularity: the Johnson and Nixon administrations'. In: WILDAVSKY, A. (ed.). Perspectives on the presidency. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, 1975.
BRODY, R. A.; SHAPIRO, C. R. Policy failure and public support: the Iran-Contra affair and public
assessment of president Reagan. Political Behavior, v. II, p. 353-69, 1989a.
BRODY, R. A. A reconsideration of the rally phenomenon in public opinion. In: LONG, S. (ed.). Political
behavior annual. Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1989b.
CARMINES, E. G.; KUKLINSKI, J. H. Incentives opportunities, and the logic of public opinion in american political representation. In: FEREJOHN, J. A.; KUKLINSKI, J. H. (ed.). Information processing and democratic processes. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1990.
CHAIKEN, S. Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus
message cues in persuasion. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, v. 39, p. 752-66, 1980.
CIFU, D. A. Where's the beef? – a study of television news and its effect on public opinion in the
democratic presidential nomination process. New York: Columbia College, 1985.
CUNDY, D. T. Televised political editorials and the low-involvement viewer, Social Science Quarterly, v. 70, p. 911-22, 1989.
FAN, D. P. Mathematical models for the impact of information on society. Political Methodology, v.10, p. 474-79, 1984.
FAN, D .P. Predictions of public opinion the mass media: content analysis and mathematical modeling. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1988.
FAN, D. P.; TIMS, A. R. The impact of the news media on public opinion: american presidential election, 1987-1988. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, v. I, p. 151-53, 1989.
FISKE, S. T.; TAYLOR, S. E. Social Cognition. New York: Random House, 1984.
FREEMAN, H. E.; WEEKS, H. A.; WERTHEIMER, W. J. News commentator effect: a study in knowledge and opinion change. Public Opinion Quarterly, v. 19, p. 209-15, 1955.
GALLUP POLL, The. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1983, 1984.
GRABER, D. A. Processing the news: how people tame the media tide. New York: Longman, 1984.
GRABER, D. A. Creating candidate imagery, part II: an audio-visual analysis. Campaigns and Elections, p. 14-21, july-august 1986.
HOVLAND, C. I.; WEISS, W. The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, v. 16, p. 635-50, 1951-52.
IYENGAR, S. Television news and citizens' explanations of national issues. American Political Science Review, v. 81, p. 815-32, 1987.
IYENGAR, S. How citizens think about political issues: a matter of responsibility. American Journal of Political Science, v. 33, p. 878-900, 1989.
IYENGAR, S. Framing responsibility for political issues: the case of poverty. Political Behavior, v. 12, p.19-40, 1990.
IYENGAR, S. The accessibility bias in politics: television news and public opinion. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, v. 2, p. 1-15, 1990.
IYENGAR, S.; KINDER, D. R. News that matters. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
IYENGAR, S.; LENART, S. Beyond “minimal consequences”: a survey of media political effects. In: LONG, S. (ed.). Political behavior annual. v. 2. Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1989.
JOHN, K. E. The polls: a report: 1990-1988 New Hampshire primary polls. Public Opinion Quarterly, v. 53, p. 590-605, 1989.
KAHNEMAN, D.; SLOVIC, P.; TVERSKY, A. (ed.). Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
KENNEY, P. J.; RICE, T. W. Boarding the Bush bandwagon: political momentum in the 1988 republic prenomination campaign. Revised version of paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest
Political Science Association, Chicago, 1990.
KEPPLINGER, H. M.; DONSBACH, W.; BROSIUS, H.; STAAB, J. F. Media tone and public opinion: a longitudinal study of media coverage and public on chancellor Kohl. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, v. I, p. 326-42, 1989.
KERNELL, S. Going public: new strategies of presidential leadership. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1986.
KRAUS, S.; DAVIS, D. The effects of mass communication on political behavior. University Park, Penn.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1976.
KROSNICK, J. A.; KINDER, D. R. Altering the foundations of support of the president through priming. American Political Science Review, v. 84, p. 497-512, 1990.
LICHTER, S. R.; LICHTER, L. S. (ed.). Super tuesday – before and after: TV's changing coverage of the campaign. The Media Monitor, v. 2, march, 1988. Also several other issues dealing with elections
and politics.
LICHTER, S. R.; AMUNDSON, D.; NOYES, R. The video campaign: network coverage of the 1988 primaries. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, 1988.
MCGUIRE, W. J. Attitudes and attitude change. In: LINDZEY, G.; ARONSON, E. (ed.). Handbook of social psychology. v. II. 3rd Edition. New York: Random House, 1985.
MACKUEN, M. B. Political drama, economic conditions, and the dynamics of presidential popularity. American Journal of Political Science, v. 27, p. 165-92, 1983.
MACKUEN, M. Review of predictions of public opinion from the mass media: computer content analysis and mathematical modeling. Public Opinion Quarterly, v. 54, p. 144-6, 1990.
MONDAK, J. J. Public opinion and the heuristic processing of source cues. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, 1991.
NACOS, B. L. et al. Content analysis of new reports: comparing human coding and a computerassisted method. Communication just published, v. 12, p. 111-128, 1991.
NOELLE-NEUMANN, E. The spiral of silence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
PAGE, B. I.; SHAPIRO, R. Y. Presidents as opinion leaders: some new evidence. Policy Studies Journal, v. 12, p. 649-61, 1984.
PAGE, B. I. The rational public: fifty years of trends in americans policy preferences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
PAGE, B. I.; SHAPIRO, R. Y.; DEMPSEY, G. R. What moves public opinion. American Political Science Review, v. 81, p. 23-43, 1987.
PAGE, B. I.; JONES, C. C. Reciprocal effects of policy preferences, party loyalties, and the vote. American Political Science Review, v. 73, p. 1071-89, 1979.
PATTERSON, T. E. The press and candidate images. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, v. 2, p. 123-35, 1989.
PFAU, M.; KENSKI, H. C. Attack politics strategy and defense. New York: Praeger, 1990.
ROBINSON, M. J.; KOHUT, A. Believability and the press. Public Opinion Quarterly, v. 52, p. 174-89, 1988.
SEARS, D. O. et al. Social psychology. 6th edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
SHAPIRO, R. Y.; YOUNG, J. T. Le vote des televisions. Le Journal des Elections, v. 4, n. 32, 37, september/october 1988. Original English title was ‘The Role of the Media in the Primaries'.
SHAPIRO, R. Y. et al. The impact of the media on candidate support in the 1984 democratic primaries. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, 1987.
SHAPIRO, R. Y. et al. The impact of the media on candidate support in presidential primary and general elections. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science
Association, San Francisco, 1990.
TVERSKY, A.; KAHNEMAN, D. Judgement under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science, v.185, p. 1124-31, 1974.
VANDERBILT TELEVISION NEWS ARCHIVE. Television news index and abstracts. Monthly volumes, Nashville, Vanderbilt University Library, august 1968- Present.
WEST, D. M. Television and presidential popularity in America. British Journal of Political Science, v. 21, p. 199-124, 1991.
WOODARD, J. D. Media salience and election news: evening television coverage of presidential elections. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, 1990.
WU, C.; SHAFFER, D. R. Susceptibility to persuasive appeals as a function of source credibility and prior experience with the attitude object. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v. 52, p. 677-
, 1987.
ZALLER, J. Bringing converse back in: information flow in political campaigns. In: STIMSON, J. A. (ed.). Political analysis, v. I, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1990
A Opinião Pública utiliza a licença do Creative Commons (CC), preservando assim, a integridade dos artigos em ambiente de acesso aberto.
Downloads
