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Resumo
Este ensaio sintetiza os resultados do grande número de estudos publicados nos últimos vinte anos sobre a democratização ocorrida no final do século XX. Dados significativos dão sustentação à tese de que a democracia é mais provável em países mais desenvolvidos e que transições de regime de todos os tipos são mais prováveis durante períodos de declínio econômico. Porém, muito poucos dos outros argumentos apresentados na literatura sobre transição parecem ter validade geral. Este estudo propõe um modelo teórico, baseado nas características de diferentes tipos de regimes autoritários, para explicar muitas das diferenças entre as experiências de democratização em diferentes regiões. Os dados tirados de um conjunto de bases que inclui 163 regimes autoritários oferecem sustentação preliminar ao modelo proposto.
Abstract
This essay synthesizes the results of the large number of studies of late 20th-century democratization published during the last 20 years. Strong evidence supports the claims that democracy is more likely in more developed countries and that regime transitions of all kinds are more likely during economic downturns. Very few of the other arguments advanced in the transitions literature, however, appear to be generally true. This study proposes a theoretical model, rooted in characteristics of different types of authoritarian regimes, to explain many of the differences in democratization experience across cases in different regions. Evidence drawn from a data set that includes 163 authoritarian regimes offers preliminary support for the model proposed.
Key-words: democratization, transition, authoritarian regime, military
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