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A lenta mudança da natureza da diferença de gênero responde tanto a mudanças sociais, como urbanização, educação, o ingresso das mulheres na força de trabalho e a democratização, quanto a esforços combinados por movimentos sociais e líderes políticos para a ampliação dos direitos da mulher. Esses fatores claramente tiveram impacto na República Dominicana na última década, influenciando as diferenças de gênero no país. Avaliamos a natureza e a evolução das diferenças de gênero na Rep. Dominicana mo período de 1994 a 2004, utilizando dados de surveys nacionais – Demos surveys – realizados em 1994, 1997, 2001 e 2004. A análise desses surveys indica que aspectos do que tem sido denominado uma ‘diferença de gênero tradicional’ permanece no país com relação ao engajamento cívico, interesse político e atitudes democráticas. Ao mesmo tempo, essa diferença desaparece com relação à participação eleitoral , e uma ‘diferença moderna de gênero’ emerge pela primeira vez com relação às atitudes sobre o papel da mulher na política. Idade e escolaridade têm efeitos diferenciais significativos e substantivos no conjunto de atitudes de homens e mulheres dominicanos nesse período.
Abstract
The slowly changing nature of the gender gap responds both to significant social changes, such as urbanization, education, the entry of women into the labor force, and democratization, as well as to concerted efforts by social movements and political leaders to broaden women’s right. These factors have clearly played an important role in the Dominican Republic over this past decade, impacting the country’s gender gap. We assess the nature and evolution of the Dominican Republic’s gender gap over the 1994-2004 period employing data taken from four nationwide public opinion surveys in the Dominican Republic – the Demos surveys – conducted in 1994, 1997, 2001, and 2004. The analysis of these surveys indicates that elements of what has been termed a traditional gender gap remain in place in the country with regard to civic engagement, political interest, and attitudes toward democracy. At the same time, this gap disappeared with regard to voter participation in elections and a modern gender gap emerged for the first time with regard to attitudes about the role of women in politics. Age and education have consistent and substantial differential effects across the attitudinal profiles of Dominican men and women over this time period.
Key words: gender gap, political participation, democracy, Dominican Republic
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