Palavras-chave
Como Citar
Resumo
Neste artigo resenho o debate acadêmico suscitado nos Estados Unidos por causa dos argumentos de Huntington sobre a imigração hispânica, sobretudo a de mexicanos, para este país. Em suas obras “The Hispanic challenge” e Who are we?, Huntington argumenta que, por razões demográficas e políticas, os imigrantes mexicanos não se assimilariam ao core culture norte-americano fundado nos valores anglo-protestantes, o que dividiria os EUA em dois povos, duas culturas e duas linguagens. As pesquisas empíricas aqui resenhadas que testaram os argumentos empíricos de Huntington os negaram e os críticos teóricos destes concebem que eles são doutrinários porque expressam uma ideologia settler, bem como manifestam a teoria do conflito do pluralismo cultural e a do colonianismo interno.
Abstract:
In this article I review the academic debate generated in the United States from the Huntington's arguments about Hispanic immigration, especially Mexicans, for this country. In his works “The Hispanic challenge” and Who are we?, Huntington argues that for demographic and political reasons Mexican immigrants not assimilate to American culture founded on the core Anglo-Protestant values, which will divide the United States into two peoples, two cultures and two languages. Empirical studies that tested here the empirical Huntington’s arguments denied them and the critical theorists conceive them doctrinal, because express a settler ideology and manifest conflict theory of cultural pluralism and the internal colonialism.
Keywords: United States; immigration; Mexican; assimilation; core culture; Huntington
Referências
BLAUNER, R. Racial oppression in America. New York: Harper and Row, 1972.
BUCHANAN, P. The death of the West, how dying populations and immigrant invasions imperil our country and civilization. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2002.
BUCHANAN, P. State of emergency, the third world invasion and conquest of America. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2006.
CAPETILLO-PONCE, J. “From ‘A clash of civilizations’ to ‘Internal colonialism’: reactions to the theoretical bases of Samuel Huntington’s ‘The Hispanic challenge’”. Ethnicities, vol. 7, n° 1, p. 116-134, 2007.
CARGILE, I. A. M.; MEROLLA, J. L.; PANTOJA, A. D. “A comparison of Anglo and Hispanic attitudes toward democracy”. Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Seattle, WA, 1-31, September,
CITRIN, J., et al. “Testing Huntington: is Hispanic immigration a threat to American identity?”. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 5, nº 1, p. 31-48, March, 2007.
DE LA GARZA, R.; FALCON, A.; GARCIA, F. C. “Will the real Americans please stand up: Anglo and Mexican-American support of core American political values”. American Journal of Political Science, vol. 40, nº 2, p. 335-51, 1996.
DE LA GARZA, R.; CORTINA, J. “Latinos as foreign policy actors: myth or reality”. Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy, 17, p. 29-40, 2005.
DE SIPIO, L., et al. Immigrant politics at home and abroad: how immigrants engage the politics of their home communities and The United States. Claremont, Calif: Thomas Rivera Policy Institute, 2003.
DOMÍNGUEZ, J. “Latinos and U.S. foreign policy”. Harvard University, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, paper nº 6-5, p .1-46, 2006.
ETZIONI, A. “The real threat: an essay on Samuel Huntington”. Contemporary Sociology, vol. 34, n° 5, p. 477-485, September, 2005.
FUCHS, L. H. “Mr. Huntington’s nightmare. Review of Who are we?: The challenges to America’s national identity. American”. Prospect, p. 70-71, August, 2004.
FURNIVALL, J. S. Colonial policy and practice: a comparative study of Burma and Netherlands India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948.
GLAZER, N. Ethnic dilemmas: 1964-1982. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983
GLAZER, N.; MOYNIHAN, D. P. Ethnicity: theory and experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975.
HANSON, V. D. Mexifornia: a state of becoming. São Francisco, California: Encounter Book, 2003.
HUNTINGTON, S. P. The soldier and the State: the theory and politics of civil-military relations. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957.
HUNTINGTON, S. P. “A clash of civilizations?”. Foreign Affairs, vol. 72, nº 3, p. 22-49, Summer, 1993.
HUNTINGTON, S. P.The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. New York: Touchstone, 1996.
HUNTINGTON, S. P. “The Hispanic challenge”. Foreign Policy, 141, p. 30-45, mar.-abr., 2004a.
HUNTINGTON, S. P. Who are we? The challenges to America’s national identity. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004b.
JÁČ, M. “The Hispanic challenge” after 2000 [online]. Post, June, 2013. Disponível em: <http://postnito.cz/?p=3531>. Acesso em: 2 jan. 2014.
JACOBY, T. “Rainbow’s end. Review of Who are we?: The challenges to America’s national identity”. Washington Post, May, 2004.
KRAUZE, E. “Identity fanaticism. Review of Who are we?: The challenges to America’s national identity”. New Republic, 21, p. 28-31, June, 2004.
PACVHON, H.; DE SIPIO, L. New Americans by choice: political perspectives of Latino immigrants. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994.
PARRADO, E. A.; MORGAN, P. “Intergenerational fertility among Hispanics women: new evidence of immigrant assimilation”. Demography, 45: 3, p. 651-71, August, 2008.
SAID, E. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
SAID, E. Culture and imperialism. New York: Vintage Books, 1994.
SALINS, P. Assimilation, American style. Philadelphia and New York: Basic Books, 1997.
SCHLESINGER, A. M. The disuniting of America. New York: Norton, 1992.
SKERRY, P. “What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?”. Society, p. 82-91, November-December, 2005.
SMITH, Michael, G. The plural society in the British West Indies. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1965.
STRUM, P. Immigration in U.S. History. In: STRUM, P.; SELEE, A. The Hispanic challenge? What we know about Latino immigration. Washington. D.C: Division of United States Studies and Mexico Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, The Migration Policy Institute, 2004.
TICHENOR, D. J. “The politics of immigration reform in the United States, 1981-1990”. Polity, vol. 26, nº 3, p. 333-362, Spring, 1994.
WALDSCHIMIDT- NELSON, B. “Who are we? Fears and facts in Samuel Huntington’s attack on Latino immigration to the United States”. IPG, nº 3, p. 145-163, 2004.
WATERS, M. C.; JIMÉNEZ, T. R. “Assessing immigrant assimilation: new empirical and theoretical challenges”. Annual Review of Sociology, nº 31, p. 109-110, 2005.
WATERS, M. C.; UEDA, R.; MARROW, H. B. The new Americans: a guide to immigration since 1965. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: Harvard University Press, 2007.
WEINER, M. The global migration crisis: challenge to states and to human rigths. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1995.
WOLFE, A. “Native son”. Foreign Affairs, vol. 83, nº 3, p. 120-125, May-June, 2004.
A Opinião Pública utiliza a licença do Creative Commons (CC), preservando assim, a integridade dos artigos em ambiente de acesso aberto.
Downloads
