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Diversos autores conceituam a Web 2.0 como uma "ecologia complexa" a fim de apreender as novas configurações da esfera pública nas sociedades contemporâneas. Contudo, raros estudos desenvolvem uma caracterização sistemática da especificidade das condições de comunicação nos ambientes digitais. Este artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar, numa base comparativa, três espaços de conversação online: blogs, sites de redes sociais (como o Facebook) e plataformas de conteúdo colaborativo (como o YouTube). A partir de uma exploração crítica da literatura corrente e de estudos empíricos, examinam-se as implicações da identificação dos participantes, o papel da moderação, a interatividade social e a natureza do público presumido. Tomando como pano de fundo as condições normativas para a deliberação, defende-se o argumento segundo o qual a relação entre o design e a organização dos espaços virtuais tem impactos específicos na configuração da argumentação e da conversação mediada. Como conclusão, indicamos algumas implicações da arquitetura técnica de distintas plataformas para pensar o ambiente complexo das conversações online sob uma perspectiva deliberacionista.
Abstract
Several scholars have proposed the conceptualization of the Web 2.0 as a "complex ecology" in order to grasp the new settings of the public sphere in contemporary societies. However, few studies have developed an accurate characterization of the specific conditions of communication on digital environments. This article aims to characterize, on a comparative basis, three conversation online spaces: blogs, social network sites (i.e. Facebook) and collaborative platforms (i.e. YouTube). From a critical assessment of the current literature and empirical studies, it focuses on the implications of the identification of participants, the role of moderation, the social interactivity and the nature of the expected public. Taking into consideration the normative conditions for deliberation, we defend the argument that the relationship between the platform design and the organization of conversational online spaces has specific impacts on mediated conversation and argumentation setting. In conclusion, we indicate some implications of technical architecture of distinct platforms in order to think about the complexity of online conversations under a deliberative perspective.
Keywords: deliberation; conversation; social media; YouTube; Facebook; blogs
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