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O presente artigo analisa algumas das críticas feitas às teorias deliberativas da democracia, de forma a resgatar o conflito como componente determinante para o desenvolvimento das democracias contemporâneas. Esta paisagem teórica permitiu um avanço em relação às questões da inclusão política, ao reconhecer a importância da autonomia política e ampliação da igualdade formal. Apesar destes avanços, as teorias deliberativas da democracia passaram a ser objeto de críticas em relação à excessiva ênfase no consenso, o que acabou por eclipsar outras formas de ação política, tais como as ações coletivas de conflito. Neste artigo, busco reforçar a importância da ênfase no conflito como elemento determinante para o desenvolvimento de nossas democracias. Para tanto, promovo um diálogo entre a teoria deliberativa da democracia e a teoria dos processos políticos, que tem como foco central a análise da relação entre os atores coletivos, suas políticas de conflito e o contexto político.
Abstract:
This paper analyses some of the critics that were directed to the theories of deliberative democracy, in order to rescue the idea of conflict as a crucial component for the development of contemporary democracies. These theories have contributed to a theoretical breakthrough on the issues of political inclusion, recognizing the importance of political autonomy and expansion of formal equality. Despite these advances, theories of deliberative democracy have become the object of criticism in the last decade, due to the excessive emphasis on consensus, which eventually eclipsed other forms of political action, such as contentious politics. In this paper I attempt to reinforce the idea of conflict as a decisive element for the development of our democracies. In this sense, I promote a dialogue between the theories of deliberative democracy and the theory of political processes, which has as it’s central focus the analysis of the relationship among collective actors, contentious politics and the political context.
Keywords: theories of deliberative democracy; consensus; conflict; political participation; social movements
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