Keywords
Political participation
Social networks
How to Cite
Abstract
In this article, we analyze the role of Facebook as a tool that articulates the daily practices of social movements, both in their internal organization and in communication and interaction with external elements. The methodological proposal involves the implementation of a mixed-methods approach, through content analysis of the Facebook pages of the eight movements studied and six face-to-face interviews with activists. The main results reveal that there is a strong anchoring of the movements to the broader political picture of the social and political crisis and intervention of the Troika, assuming their antagonism as their main objective. We also observed that, although they were successful in mobilizing a large part of the Portuguese population, the truth is that the mobilizing blaze was limited in time. The constructed model proved to be robust and flexible, which makes it possible to replicate it in future research in the field of political sociology.
References
ACCORNERO, G. “‘I wanted to carry out the revolution’: activists’ trajectories in Portugal from dictatorship to democracy”. Social Movement Studies, vol. 18, nº 3, p. 305-323, 2019.
ACCORNERO, G.; PINTO, P. R. “‘Brandos costumes?’ Protesto e mobilização em Portugal sob a austeridade, 2010-2013”. Estudos Ibero-Americanos, Porto Alegre, vol. 41, nº 2, p. 393-421, 2015a.
ACCORNERO, G.; PINTO, P. R. “‘Mild mannered’? Protest and mobilisation in Portugal under austerity, 2010-2013”. West European Politics, vol. 38, nº 3, p. 491-515, 2015b.
AMARAL, I. “Citizens beyond Troika: media and anti-austerity protests in Portugal”. International Journal of Communication, vol. 14, p. 3.309-3.329, 2020.
BARRETO, A. Tempo de incerteza. Lisboa, Portugal: Relógio d’Água, 2004.
BAUMGARTEN, B. “Geração à rasca and beyond: mobilizations in Portugal after 12 March 2011”. Current Sociology, vol. 61, nº 4, p. 457-473, 2013.
BAUMGARTEN, B.; DÍEZ, R. “More than a copy paste: the spread of Spanish frames and events to Portugal”. Journal of Civil Society, vol. 13, nº 3, p. 247-266, 2017.
BERELSON, B. Content analysis in communication research. Michigan: Free Press, 1952.
BERGER, A. A. Media and communication research methods: an introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches. 4ª ed. London: Sage, 2016.
BOYD, D. M.; ELLISON, N. B. “Social network sites: definition, history and scholarship”. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 13, nº 1, p. 210-230, 2007.
BRUNS, A. Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: from production to produsage. New York: Peter Lang, 2008.
CARDOSO, G; SANTOS, S.; TELO, D. (Orgs.). Jornalismo em tempo de crise. Lisboa: Editora Mundos Sociais, 2017.
CARDOSO, G., et al. Práticas e consumos digitais noticiosos dos portugueses em 2016. Relatórios OberCom, Lisboa, 2017. Disponível em: <https://obercom.pt/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2017_OBERCOM_SAPO_B.pdf>. Acesso em: 18 ago. 2019.
CARLOS, E. “Mudanças e continuidades no movimento de direitos humanos: padrões organizacionais, relacionais e discursivos”. Opinião Pública, Campinas, vol. 20, nº 3, p. 450-479, 2014.
CASTELLS, M. A galáxia internet. Reflexões sobre a internet. Negócios e sociedade. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian [2001], 2004.
CASTELLS, M. A sociedade em rede. A era da informação: economia, sociedade e cultura, vol. I. 3ª ed. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian [1996], 2007.
CASTELLS, M. Redes de indignação e esperança: movimentos sociais na era da internet. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2013.
CHOMSKY, N. Occupy. Lisboa: Antigona, 2013.
COLEMAN, S. Can the internet strengthen democracy? Democratic futures. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2017.
CORREIA, J. C. “O papel das redes digitais na configuração epistemológica dos debates de sociedade”. Estudos em Comunicação, Covilhã, vol. 15, p. 77-92, 2014.
CORREIA, J. C. Social media and political participation. The Portuguese ‘indignados’ case. In: FIGUEIRAS, R.; ESPÍRITO SANTO, P. (Eds.). Beyond the internet: unplugging the protest movement wave. New York: Routledge, p. 99-135, 2016.
CROUCHER, S. M.; CRONN-MILLS, D. Understanding communication research methods: a theoretical and practical approach. New York: Routledge, 2015.
DADER, J. L.; CHENG, L. Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de las web de partidos. In: BLANCO, V. F. S. (Coord.). Cibercampaña. Cauces y diques para la participación. Las elecciones generales de 2008 y su proyección tecnopolítica. Madrid: Editorial Complutense S.A., p. 129-143, 2011.
DAHLGREN, P. “The internet, public spheres, and political communication: dispersion and deliberation”. Political Communication, vol. 22, nº 2, p. 147-162, 2005.
DAHLGREN, P. Social media and political participation. Discourse and deflection. In: FUCHS, C.; SANDOVAL, M. (Eds.). Routledge studies in science, technology and society: critique, social media and the information society. London: Routlegde, p. 191-202, 2014.
DAVID, I. Portuguese democracy under austerity: politics in exceptional times. In: PARKER, O.; TSAROUHAS, D. (Eds.). Crisis in the Eurozone periphery. The political economies of Greece, Spain, Ireland and Portugal. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 161-180, 2018.
DELLA PORTA, D. “Political economy and social movement studies: the class basis of anti-austerity protests”. Anthropological Theory, vol. 17, nº 4, p. 453-473, 2017.
DELLA PORTA, D., et al. Legacies and memories in movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
DÍEZ, R. “The ‘Indignados’ in space and time: transnational networks and historical roots”. Global Society, vol. 31, nº 1, p. 43-64, 2017.
FIGUEIRAS, R. A mediatização da política na era das redes sociais. Lisboa: Alêtheia Editores, 2017.
FIGUEIRAS, R.; ESPÍRITO SANTO, P. (Eds.). Beyond the internet: unplugging the protest movement wave. New York: Taylor and Francis Inc, 2016.
FIGUEIRAS, R.; ESPÍRITO SANTO, P.; CUNHA, I. F. (Coords.). Democracy at work: pressure and propaganda in Portugal and Brazil. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2015.
FISHMAN, R. M. “Democratic practice after the revolution: the case of Portugal and beyond”. Politics & Society, vol. 39, nº 2, p. 233-26, 2011.
FISHMAN, R. M. Democratic practice: origins of the Iberian divide in political inclusion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
FREIRE, A. Para lá da “Geringonça”: o governo de esquerdas em Portugal e na Europa. Lisboa: Edições Contraponto, 2017.
FUCHS, C. “Behind the news. Social media, riots, and revolutions”. Capital & Class, vol. 36, nº 3, p. 383-391, 2012.
FUCHS, C. Critique of the political economy of informational capitalism and social media. In: FUCHS, C.; SANDOVAL, M. (Eds.). Routledge studies in science, technology and society: critique, social media and the information society. London: Routlegde, 2014a.
FUCHS, C. OccupyMedia! The Occupy Movement and social media in crisis capitalism. Winchester: Zero Books, 2014b.
FUCHS, C.; SANDOVAL, M. Critique, social media and the information society in the age of capitalist crisis. In: FUCHS, C.; SANDOVAL, M. (Eds.). Routledge studies in science, technology and society: critique, social media and the information society. London: Routlegde, p. 1-47, 2014.
GALRÃO, M.; TAVARES, R. Como Costa montou a geringonça em 54 dias: os bastidores do acordo histórico da esquerda. Alfragide: Lua de Papel, 2016.
GHIGLIONE, R.; MATALON, B. O inquérito. 4. ed. Oeiras: Celta Editora [1977], 2001.
KRIPPENDORF, K. Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology. London: Sage, 1980.
MEZA, H.; TATAGIBA, L. “Movimentos sociais e partidos políticos: as relações entre o movimento feminista e o sistema de partidos na Nicarágua (1974-2012)”. Opinião Pública, Campinas, vol. 22, nº 2, p. 350-384, 2016.
MORAIS, R.; SOUSA, J. “Do envolvimento associativo à mobilização cívica: o potencial das redes sociais”. In: VII Congresso de Sociologia - Sociedade, Crise e Reconfigurações, organizado pela Associação Portuguesa de Sociologia, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Portugal, 2012.
NUNES, C. “Portugal and Spain in the international protest cycles: from global justice movement to anti-austerity protests”. In: COSTA PINTO, A.; TEIXEIRA C. P. (Eds.). Political institutions and democracy in Portugal. Assessing the impact of the eurocrisis. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 195-213, 2019.
OLSSON, T. “The architecture of participation”: For citizens or consumers? In: FUCHS, C.; SANDOVAL, M. (Eds.). Routledge studies in science, technology and society: critique, social media and the information society. London: Routlegde, p. 203-215, 2014.
PEREIRA, M. A. “Movimentos sociais e democracia: a tensão necessária”. Opinião Pública, vol. 18, nº 1, p. 68-87, 2012.
PEREZ, O. C. “Relações entre coletivos com as Jornadas de Junho”. Opinião Pública, Campinas, vol. 25, nº 3, p. 577-596, 2019.
PORTOS, M.; CARVALHO, T. “Alliance building and eventful protests: comparing Spanish and Portuguese trajectories under the great recession”. Social Movement Studies, vol 1, nº 1, p. 1-20, 2019.
RECUERO, R. Introdução à análise de redes sociais online. Salvador: Edufba, 2017.
SILVA, C. T. “Civic participation and demonstrations in Portugal (2011-2012)”. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, vol. 4, nº 3, p. 49-55, 2019.
SOUSA, J. C. “Participação política no Facebook. Continuidades e reconfigurações”. Dissertação de Mestrado defendida no Departamento de Sociologia da Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, 2013. Disponível em: https://catalogo.ubi.pt/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=96446. Acesso em: mar. 2021.
TATAGIBA, L.; PATERNIANI, S. Z.; TRINDADE, T. A. “Ocupar, reivindicar, participar: sobre o repertório de ação do movimento de moradia de São Paulo”. Opinião Pública, Campinas, vol. 18, nº 2, p. 399-426, 2012.
TEJERINA, B., et al. “From indignation to occupation: a new wave of global mobilization”. Current Sociology, vol. 61, nº 4, p. 377, 2013.
TEIXEIRA, C. P. Qualidade da democracia em Portugal. Lisboa: Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos, 2018.
VALA, J. Análise de conteúdo. In: SILVA, A. S.; PINTO, J. M. (Orgs.). Metodologia das ciências sociais. 12ª ed. Porto: Edições Afrontamento, p. 101-128, 2003.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 João Carlos Sousa, Ricardo Morais
Downloads
