Resumen
O artigo enfoca a importância do voto obrigatório para a democracia brasileira. Através da análise de dados de surveys realizados antes das eleições presidenciais de 1994 e 1998, o artigo dimensiona as conseqüências da abolição do voto obrigatório em termos da igualdade da participação em grupos demográficos e políticos de eleitores.
Citas
ABRAHAM, H. (1955) Compulsory Voting. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press.
AMES, Barry. (1995) Electoral Strategy under Open-List Proportional Representation. American Journal of Political Science, 39(2):406-33.
BOLLEN, Kenneth A. (1980) Issues in the Comparative Measurement of Political Democracy. American Sociological Review, 45:370-390.
BOLLEN, Kenneth A. (1990) Political Democracy: Conceptual and Measurement Traps. Studies in Comparative International Development, 25:7-24.
BURNHAM, Walter Dean. (1987) The Turnout Problem. In: REICHLEY, A. James. (ed.) Elections American Style. Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution, p. 97-133.
FIGUEIREDO, Marcus. (1990) O voto obrigatório (comportamento do eleitor brasileiro). Cem anos de eleições presidenciais, Textos IDESP, no. 36, São Paulo: Instituto de Estudos Econômicos, Sociais e Políticos de São Paulo.
FIGUEIREDO, Marcus. (1991) A decisão do voto. São Paulo, Editora Sumaré. Folha de São Paulo. (1994) "Revisão mantém voto obrigatório”, 15 de março:1 e 1-10.
FREYRE, Gilberto. (1956) The Masters and the Slaves (Casa Grande e Senzala): a Study in the Development of Brazilian Civilization. New York, Knopf.
HAGOPIAN, Frances and MAINWARING, Scott. (1987) Democracy in Brazil: Problems and Prospects. World Policy Journal, 485-514.
HASEN, Richard L. (1996) Voting Without Law? University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 144(5).
HIRCZY, Wolfgang. (1994) The Impact of Mandatory Voting Laws on Turnout: A QuasiExperimental approach. Electoral Studies, 13: 64-76.
HUNTINGTON, Samuel P. and NELSON, Joan M. (1976) No Easy Choice: Political Participation in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
IRWIN, Galen. (1974) Compulsory Voting Legislation in the Netherlands: Impact on Voter Turnout. Comparative Political Studies, 7:292-315.
JACKMAN, Robert W. (1987) Political Institutions and Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies. American Political Science Review, 81:405-23.
KAHN, Tulio. (1992) O Voto Obrigatório. Dissertação de Mestrado. São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo.
KLEPPNER, Paul. (1982) Who Voted? The Dynamics of Electoral Turnout, 1870-1980. New York, Praeger.
LAMOUNIER, Bolivar and SOUZA, Amaury de. (1993) Changing Attitudes Toward Democracy and Institutional Reform in Brazil. In: DIAMOND, Larry (ed.) Political Culture and Democracy in Developing Countires, Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner, p.295-326.
LAMOUNIER, Bolivar. (1989) Authoritarian Brazil Revisited: The Impact of Elections on the Abertura. In: STEPAN, Alfred (org.) Democratizing Brazil, New York, Oxford University Press, p.43-79.
LAVAREDA, Jose Antonio. (1991) A democracia nas urnas: o processo partidário eleitoral brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro, Rio Fundo Editora.
LIMA JUNIOR, Olavo Brasil de. (1983) Electoral Participation in Brazil (1945-1978): the Legislation, the Party Systems and Electoral Turnouts, Luzo-Brazilian Review, 20,1.
LIMA JUNIOR, Olavo Brasil de. (1990) Alienação eleitoral e seus determinantes: nota de pesquisa. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 14:68-72.
LIJPHART, Arend. (1994) Democracies: Forms, Performance, and Constitutional Engineering. European Journal of Political Research, 25(1):1-17.
LIJPHART, Arend. (1997) Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma. American Political Science Review,, 91(1):1-14.
LIJPHART, Arend. (1995) Civic Politics and Democratic Institutions: a Plea for the (re-) introduction of Compulsory Voting. In: WISSENBURG, M.L.J. (org.) Civic Politics and Civil Society Proceedings, The Netherlands, University of Nijmegen.
MAINWARING, Scott. (1991) Politicians, parties, and Electoral Systems: Brazil in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Politics, 24: 21-43.
MAINWARING, Scott. (1993) Brazilian Party Underdevelopment in Comparative Perspective. Political Science Quarterly, 107: 677-708.
MAINWARING, Scott. (1995) Brazil: Weak Parties, Feckless Democracy. In: MAINWARING, Scott and SCULLY, Timothy R. (orgs.) Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, p.354-98.
MILLER, Warren E. (1996) And J. Merrill Shanks. The New American Voter. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
MOISÉS, José Álvaro. (1993) Elections, Political Parties, and Political Culture in Brazil: Changes and Continuities. Journal of Latin American Studies, 25:575-611.
MYERS, David J. and O'CONNOR, Robert E. (1983) The Undecided Voter in Mandatory Voting Settings: A Venezuelan Exploration. Western Political Quarterly, 36:420-33. Opinão Publica (1993) I (0)
POWELL, G. Bingham. (1986) American Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective. American Political Science Review , 80:17-43.
POWER, Timothy J. (1991) Politicized Democracy: Competition, Institutions, and ‘Civic Fatigue’ in Brazil. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 33:75-112.
POWER, Timothy J. and ROBERTS, J. Timmons. (1995) Compulsory Voting, Invalid Ballots, and Abstention in Brazil. Political Research Quarterly, 48(3):795-826.
REIS, Antonio Carlos Alkmim dos. (1991) A participacão eleitoral e seus correlatos socioeconômicos. In: LIMA JUNIOR, Olavo Brasil de. (org.) Sistema eleitroral brasileiro: teoria e prática. Rio de Janeiro, IUPERJ-Rio Fundo Editora.
ROSENSTONE, Steven J. and HANSEN, John Mark. (1993) Mobililization, Participation, and Democracy in America. New York, Macmillan.
SANTOS, Wanderley Guilherme dos. (1987) Crise e castigo: partidos e gernerais na política brasileira. São Paulo, Vertice.
SANTOS, Wanderley Guilherme dos. (1979) Cidadania e justiça. Rio de Janeiro, Campus.
SANTOS, Wanderley Guilherme dos. (1994) Regresso: Máscaras Institutionais do Liberalismo Oligárquico, Rio de Janeiro.
SKIDMORE, Thomas. (1974) Black into White: Race and Nationality in Brazilian Thought. New York, Oxford University Press.
_________________. (1992) Fact and Myth: Discovering a Racial Problem in Brazil. Working Paper, the Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame.
SOARES, Glaucio Ary Dillon and D'ARAUJO, Maria Celina. (1991) Los mitos de la prensa y los votos en las elecciones de 1990. Revista de Estudios Políticos, 74:277-96.
TEXEIRA, Ruy A. (1992) The Disappearing American Voter. Washington, D.C., The Brookings Institution.
VERBA, Sidney and NIE, Norman H.. (1972) Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. New York, Harper & Row.
VERBA, Sidney, NIE, Norman and KIM, Jae-on. (1978) Participation and Political Equality: A Seven Nation Comparison. Cambridge University Press.
VERBA, Sidney, BRADY, Henry and SCHOLZMAN, Kay. (1995) Voice and Equality: Civic Volunteerism in American Politics. Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press.
VERBA, Sidney, BRADY, Henry and SCHOLZMAN, Kay. (1995) Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation. American Political Science Review, 89(2):271-94.
WOLFINGER, Raymond E. and ROSENSTONE, Steven J. (1980) Who Votes? New Haven, Yale University Press.
WOOD, Charles H. and CARVALHO, Jose Alberto Magno de. (1988) The Demography of Inequality in Brazil. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
A Opinião Pública utiliza a licença do Creative Commons (CC), preservando assim, a integridade dos artigos em ambiente de acesso aberto.