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Este artigo analisa algumas características recentes do quadro regulatório do mercado internacional de alimentos, especialmente as regulamentações públicas – criadas no âmbito dos acordos multilaterais da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) – e as normas privadas – criadas por diversos tipos de empresas privadas. Discutem-se os fatores econômicos, sociais e tecnológicos indutores de instrumentos regulatórios mais rígidos relacionados à inocuidade e à qualidade dos alimentos. O êxito comercial das cadeias produtivas nos mercados internacionais de alimentos depende mais de seus recursos tecnológicos, organizacionais, e da eficiência das suas estruturas de governança. Os impactos econômicos e sociais desse novo ambiente podem ser positivos ou negativos para as cadeias produtivas dos países em desenvolvimento. O resultado depende de suas capacitações econômicas e de suas possibilidades de acesso aos recursos acima mencionados e de seu uso.
Abstract
This paper analyzes some recent characteristics of the regulatory mainframe of the international food markets, mainly the public regulations – which were set up during the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral agreements – and the private norms, which are set up by several private companies. It discusses economic, social and technological factors have brought about new regulatory tools, and also caused an increased strictness of the technical standards related to food quality and safety. The commercial success of the chains of production in the international food markets depends more on their technological and organizational resources and on the efficiency of their governance. The economic and social impacts of this new food market environment on the production chains in developing countries can be positive or negative. The outcome depends on their economic capacities and on their ease of access to the above mentioned resources.
Key-words: Food regulations; Food safety; International food market; Private norms; SPS agreement. JEL F13, F55; Q17.
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