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O artigo discute empiricamente a ideia de que a estrutura das exportações seja determinante para o crescimento econômico. A influência da estrutura das exportações sobre a taxa de crescimento é abordada no contexto de um modelo com restrição externa. Para testar essa relação, as exportações foram divididas em dois grupos: a) dinâmicas sob uma perspectiva schumpeteriana (que incluem setores de alta tecnologia) e b) dinâmicas sob uma perspectiva keynesiana (que incluem setores para os quais o crescimento da demanda internacional é superior à média). A hipótese-chave é que, quando os países nos quais os setores com eficiências keynesiana e schumpeteriana têm maior peso nas exportações, esses atingem taxas mais elevadas de crescimento. Os resultados mostram que os dois tipos de eficiência têm um efeito positivo e significativo, sendo mais forte o impacto da eficiência schumpeteriana.
Abstract
Export structure and economic growth: a Export structure and economic growth: an empirical mpirical mpirical analysis, 1985 nalysis, 1985 nalysis, 1985-2003 The paper discusses the idea that the quality of exports matters for economic growth. The influence of the structure of exports on the rates of economic growth is discussed within the context of a growth model with external constraints. To test the relationship between exports and growth, exports are divided in two groups: a) dynamic from a Schumpeterian perspective (high-tech sectors) and b) dynamic from a Keynesian perspective (international demand grows at higher rates than the average). The key hypothesis is that countries whose total exports have higher shares of sectors with Keynesian and Schumpeterian efficiency will grow faster. The empirical results are consistent with this hypothesis. In addition, the results suggest that Schumpeterian efficiency tends to have a stronger impact on growth than Keynesian efficiency.
Key words: Schumpeterian efficiency. Keynesian efficiency. Thirlwall’s law. Economic growth. Exports
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