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A partir dos dados de patentes da European Patent Office entre 1978 e 2002, este trabalho pretende: (i) identificar a especialização tecnológica das EMN que utilizam recursos tecnológicos de Argentina, Brasil, Chile e México; (ii) observar se o padrão de especialização tecnológica das EMN segue o padrão de especialização tecnológica nacional e (iii) analisar em que medida as EMN contribuem para a formação de competências nacionais internas e no seu processo de convergência tecnológica internacional. O artigo confirma: i) uma especialização em campos técnicos pouco dinâmicos, o que explica uma grande distancia de sua estrutura tecnológica com o mundo; (ii) as EMN não apresentam uma especialização tecnológica similar à especialização tecnológica nacional do país receptor, sendo o padrão a exploração de vantagens adquiridas próprias mediante o aproveitamento de alguma vantagem de localização local; (iii) as EMN contribuem mais à diversificação da base técnica nacional dado que, geralmente, atuam em áreas onde o país não está especializado, contribuindo assim ao processo de convergência.
Abstract
Using patent data from EPO from 1978 to 2002, this paper aims to identify the role of MNE in the determination of technological specialization trends and convergence in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico and the extend to which the technological activity of these companies helps to define the technical distribution of competences in the country. The main findings are: (i) countries are specialized in technical fields less dynamic and pervasive, which explains its strong distance to world; (ii) MNEs exploit home-country advantages thought local advantages more than following the national technical strengths; (iii) MNEs contribute to diversification of local technical base because they are more active in technical fields where catching-up countries are not specialized.
Key words: Technological convergence. Technological specialization. Catching-up; Latin America
Referências
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