Palavras-chave
Inequality
Labor market
Social stratification
Multinomial logistic model.
Como Citar
Resumo
This paper explores how occupational structure is associated with economic inequality in Brazil in comparison to the United States. Changes in the Brazilian and American occupational structures between 1983 and 2011 are investigated in order to assess how closely they generate high socioeconomic inequalities. The effects of education, age, gender and race on occupational attainment are taken into account. Highlights of the results include: (1) a higher level of socioeconomic development in the American occupational structure, reflecting huge socioeconomic differences between these countries; (2) a tenuous convergence between the Brazilian and American occupational structures; (3) a significant decrease in the net impacts of education, age, gender and race on occupational attainment (i.e., reduced social stratification) in both countries. These results suggest the analytical worth of considering occupational structure as a significant intermediate variable affecting the level of socioeconomic inequality within a country over time, as well as between two countries at a given point in time.
Resumo
Este trabalho analisa a contribuição da estrutura ocupacional como fonte de desigualdade no Brasil, fazendo um estudo comparativo com os Estados Unidos. Mudanças entre e dentro das estruturas ocupacionais são analisadas entre 1983 e 2011, verificando em que medida essas transformações contribuíram para atenuar os níveis de desigualdade socioeconômica. São consideradas diferenças de escolaridade, sexo, gênero e raça. Os resultados destacam: (1) um nível substancialmente superior de desenvolvimento da estrutura ocupacional nos Estados Unidos, refletindo as diferenças socioeconômicas entre os países; (2) uma tênue convergência entre as estruturas dos dois países no período; (3) uma expressiva redução das diferenças de escolaridade, idade, gênero e raça na inserção ocupacional dos dois países, ou seja, redução da estratificação social. O trabalho conclui sobre a relevante contribuição analítica da estrutura ocupacional como fator explicativo da desigualdade socioeconômica de um país ao longo do tempo ou entre países em um específico período de tempo.
Palavras-chave: Ocupações; Desigualdade; Mercado de trabalho; Estratificação social; Modelo logística multinomial.
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