Palabras clave
Estado de bem-estar desenvolvimentista
Leste Asiático
Políticas sociais
Proteção social
Cómo citar
Resumen
Este artigo oferece uma análise sobre as transformações qualitativas nos Estados de bem-estar do Leste Asiático a partir dos anos 2000. Primeiro, distingo os legados institucionais à luz das tipologias formuladas na literatura: “desenvolvimentistasinclusivos” (Japão e Coreia do Sul)”; os “individualistas” (China, Hong Kong, Malásia e Singapura) e os “incipientes” (Filipinas, Indonésia, Tailândia e Vietnã). Argumento que o primeiro grupo aprofundou o processo de expansão de suas políticas sociais, sob uma abordagem universalista, mas reconfigurou a articulação entre política industrial e política social, bem como desenvolveu substantivamente as políticas de desfamiliarização. A China desloca-se do grupo “individualista” em direção a um tipo “híbrido”, ao ampliar consideravelmente a provisão pública, reproduzindo, contudo, um sistema dual e estratificado. Finalmente, os “individualistas” e os “incipientes” promoveram mudanças residuais, ampliando o papel do Estado sobre os riscos sociais por meio de políticas focalizadas em famílias de baixa renda.
Citas
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