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Pretendemos aqui analisar o texto de República V, 478e-480a, em que Platão argumenta contra um adversário que rejeita a teoria das Formas e restringe o domínio do conhecimento a itens sensíveis. O argumento de Platão conclui que seu adversário não pode ter conhecimento, mas somente opinião. O raciocínio baseia-se em uma premissa que afirma que os objetos sensíveis, ao contrário das Formas, estariam submetidos a uma certa copresença de atributos opostos. Apresentamos uma versão do argumento visando dois propósitos centrais: por um lado, buscamos resolver certas dificuldades textuais e teóricas que o leitor da passagem tem de enfrentar; por outro, evitamos comprometer Platão com a tese de que os itens sensíveis estão excluídos do domínio do conhecimento. Nossa estratégia envolve argumentar que a passagem assume um esquema conceitual que não é o de Platão, mas o de seu adversário.
Abstract:
We intend to analyse the text of Republic V, 478e-480a, in which Plato argues against an opponent who rejects the theory of Forms and confines the domain of knowledge to sensible items. Plato’s argument concludes that his opponent cannot have knowledge, but only opinion. The reasoning relies on a premise stating that the sensible objects, unlike the Forms, suffer a certain compresence of opposite attributes. We present a version of the argument with two aims in mind: on one hand, we intend to solve a set of textual and theoretical difficulties that the reader of the passage has to face; on the other, we avoid committing Plato to the thesis that sensible items are excluded from the domain of knowledge. Our strategy involves arguing that the passage assumes a conceptual framework that belongs not to Plato, but to his opponent.
Keywords: Plato. Forms. Ontology. Epistemology
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