Palavras-chave
Discourse representation theory
Dynamic interpretation
Presupposition
Theory of descriptions.
Como Citar
Resumo
The first part of this paper discusses the relative merits of Russell’s and Strawson’s view on the proper treatment of descriptive phrases. I argue that Russell’s account is in principle correct, but is incomplete as it stands. The theory should be extended with an account of the intuition that gave rise to Strawson’s (and Frege’s) alternative in the first place. In the second part of this paper I present such an account in the ‘presupposition as anaphora’ framework. I show that if we treat Russellian descriptions as anaphoric expressions and when we implement such an account in a dynamic framework distinguishing between input and output contexts, his basic claim, definites should not be analysed as referring but as descriptive phrases, can be maintained while simultaneously accounting for the Frege/Strawson intuition.
Referências
BEAVER, D. Presupposition and Assertion in Dynamic Semantics. Stanford: CSLI, 2001.
DONNELLAN, K. “Reference and definite descriptions”. Philosophical Review, 75, pp. 281-304, 1966.
FREGE, G. (1892). “Uber Sinn und Bedeutung”. ¨ Zeitschrift f¨ur Philosophie und Philosophische Kritik, 100, pp. 25-50, 1892. Transl. by Max Black. In: Geach and Black (1970), pp. 56-78.
GAZDAR, G. Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition, and Logical Form. New York: Academic Press, 1979.
GEURTS, B. Presuppositions and Pronouns. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999.
GEURTS, B., VAN DER SANDT, R.A. “Interpreting focus”. Theoretical Linguistics, 30, pp. 1-44, 2004.
HEIM, I. The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases. Ph. D. thesis, Umass, Amherst, 1982. Published in 1989 by Garland, New York.
KAMP, H. “A theory of truth and semantic representation”. In: J. A. Groenendijk, T. Janssen, M. Stokhof (eds.). Formal Methods in the Study of Language. Dordrecht: Foris, 1981.
KAMP, H., REYLE, U. From Discourse to Logic: Introduction to odeltheoretic Semantics in Natural Language, Formal Logic and Discourse Representation Theory, Vol. 1. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
KAPLAN, D. “Demonstratives: an essay on the semantics, logic, metaphysics, and epistemology of demonstratives and other indexicals”. In: J. Almog, J. Perry, H. Wettstein (eds.). Themes from Kaplan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 481- 563, 1989.
KARTTUNEN, L. “Presupposition and linguistic context”. Theoretical Linguistics, 1, pp. 181-194, 1974.
KRIPKE, S. “Speaker’s reference and semantic reference”. In: P. French et al. (eds.). Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 6-27, 1979.
LEWIS, D. “Scorekeeping in a language game”. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 8, pp. 339-359, 1979.
MATES, B. “Descriptions and reference”. Foundations of Language, 100, pp. 409-418, 1973.
NEALE, S. Descriptions. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1990.
PARTEE, B. (1973). “Some structural analogies between tenses and pronouns in English”. The Journal of Philosophy, 70, pp. 601-609, 1973.
QUINE, W. v. O. Elementary Logic. New York: Harper and Row, 1965. (First edition 1941 by Ginn and Company ed.).
RUSSELL, B. “On denoting”. Mind, 14, pp. 479-493, 1905.
RUSSELL, B. “Mr. Strawson on referring”. In: My Philosophical Development London: Allen and Unwin, pp. 175-180. 1959. (Unwin Books 1975 ed.)
SCHUBERT, L. K., PELLETIER, F.J. “Generically speaking, or using discourse representation theory to interpret generics”. In: G. Chierchia et al. (eds.). Properties, Types and Meaning, Volume II. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 193- 268, 1989.
SEARLE, J. Speech Acts. An Essay in the Philophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.
SELLARS, W. “Presupposing”. Philosophical Review, 63, pp. 197- 215, 1954.
STALNAKER, R. C. “Pragmatics”. Synthese, 22, pp. 272-289, 1970.
STALNAKER, R. C. “Pragmatic presuppositions”. In: M. K. Munitz, P. Unger (eds.). Semantics and Philosophy. New York: Academic Press, 1975.
STRAWSON, P. F. “On referring”. Mind, 59, pp. 320-344, 1950.
STRAWSON, P. F. Introduction to Logical Theory. London: Methuen, 1952.
STRAWSON, P. F. “Identifying reference and truth-values”. Theoria, 30, pp. 96-118, 1964.
VAN DER SANDT, R. A. Context and Presupposition. London: Croom Helm, 1988.
VAN DER SANDT, R. A. “Presupposition projection as anaphora resolution”. Journal of Semantics, 9, pp. 333-377, 1992.
VON FINTEL, K. Restrictions on Quantifier Domains. Ph. D. thesis. University of Massachusets, Amherst, 1994.
WHITEHEAD, A. N., RUSSELL, B. Principia Mathematica, Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1910.
Downloads
