Banner Portal
A pragmatic realist view of emergence
PDF

Palavras-chave

Emergence
Realism
Pragmatism

Como Citar

EL-HANI, Charbel Niño; PIHLSTRÖM, Sami. A pragmatic realist view of emergence. Manuscrito: Revista Internacional de Filosofia, Campinas, SP, v. 25, n. 3, p. 105–154, 2002. Disponível em: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/manuscrito/article/view/8644647. Acesso em: 25 abr. 2024.

Resumo

This paper examines the notion of emergence from the perspective of pragmatism, drawing special attention to Donald Davidson’s recent account of the emergence of thought and to Hilary Putnam’s pragmatic realism, which, we argue, can be applied to the question of the reality of emergent properties. Our overall conclusion is that the debate over the concept of emergence actively going on in contemporary metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science should be focused more strongly on the realism issue, even though most emergentists (and their critics) tend to assume a rather straightforward metaphysical realism – a view that ought to be called into question on pragmatist grounds.

PDF

Referências

Alexander, S. ([1920]1979). Space, Time, and Deity (Gloucester, Peter Smith), 2 vols.

Andersen, P.B., Emmeche, C., Finnemann, N.O. & Christiansen, P.V. (eds.) (2000). Downward Causation: Minds, Bodies and Matter (Aarhus, Aarhus University Press).

Baas, N. A. (1994). Emergence, Hierarchies, and Hyperstructures. In: Langton, C.G. (ed.) Artificial Life III, Santa Fe Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Proc. Volume XVII (Redwood City, Addison-Wesley), pp. 515-537.

Baas, N. A. (1996). A Framework for Higher-order Cognition and Consciousness. In: Hameroff, S.R.; Kaszniak, A.W.; Scott, A.C. (eds.) Toward a Science of Consciousness (Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press), pp. 633-648.

Bailey, A. (1999). Supervenience and Physicalism. Synthese 117, 53-73.

Bickle, J. (1998). Psychoneural Reduction: The New Wave (Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press).

Bloor, D. (2001). What Is a Social Construct?, Facta Philosophica 3(2), pp. 141-156.

Chaitin, G. (1975). Randomness and Mathematical Proof. Scientific American CCXXXII, pp. 47-52.

Chalmers, D. (1996). The Conscious Mind (New York, Oxford University Press).

Cunningham, B. (2001). The Reemergence of Emergence, Philosophy of Science 68 (PSA 2000 Proceedings), pp. S62-S75.

Davidson, D. (1970). Mental Events. In: Davidson, D. (1980) Essays on Actions and Events (Oxford, Clarendon Press), pp. 207-227.

Davidson, D. (1974). On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme. In: Davidson, D. (1984) Inquiries Into Truth and Interpretation (Oxford, Clarendon Press), pp. 183-198.

Davidson, D. (1980). Essays on Actions and Events (Oxford, Clarendon Press).

Davidson, D. (1984). Inquiries Into Truth and Interpretation (Oxford, Clarendon Press).

Davidson, D. (1997). The Emergence of Thought. In: Davidson, D. (2001) Subjective, Intersubjective, Objective (Oxford, Clarendon Press), pp. 123-134.

Dennett, D. C. (1987). The Intentional Stance (Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press).

Dennett, D. C. (1991). Real Patterns, The Journal of Philosophy 88(1), pp. 27-51.

Devitt, M. ([1984]1991). Realism and Truth, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, Mass./ Oxford, Blackwell).

Dreyfus, H.L. & Spinosa, C. (1999). Copying with Things-in-Themselves: A Practice-Phenomenological Argument for Realism, Inquiry 42, pp. 49-78.

El-Hani, C.N. (2000). Níveis da Ciência, Níveis da Realidade (São Paulo, FE-USP). Tese de Doutorado.

El-Hani, C.N. (2002). On the Reality of Emergents, forthcoming in Principia.

El-Hani, C.N. & Emmeche, C. (2000). On Some Theoretical Grounds for an Organism-Centered Biology: Property Emergence, Supervenience, and Downward Causation, Theory in Biosciences 119, pp. 234-275.

El-Hani, C.N. & Pereira, A. M. (1999). Understanding biological causation. In: Hardcastle, V.G. (ed.) Where Biology Meets Psychology: Philosophical Essays (Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press), pp. 333-356.

El-Hani, C.N. & Pereira, A. M. (2000). Higher-Level Descriptions: Why Should We Preserve Them?. In: Andersen, P.B.; Emmeche, C.; Finnemann, N.O.; Christiansen, P.V. (eds.) Downward Causation: Minds, Bodies and Matter (Aarhus, Aarhus University Press), pp. 118-142.

El-Hani, C. N. & Pihlström, S. (2002). Emergence Theories and Pragmatic Realism, Essays in Philosophy 3(2).

El-Hani, C. N. & Videira, A. A. P. (2001). Causação Descendente, Emergência de Propriedades e Modos Causais Aristotélicos. Theoria 16(2), pp. 301-329.

Emmeche, C., Køppe, S. & Stjernfelt, F. (1997). Explaining Emergence: Towards an Ontology of Levels, Journal for General Philosophy of Science 28, pp. 83-119.

Emmeche, C., Køppe, S. & Stjernfelt, F. (2000). Levels, Emergence and Three Versions of Downward Causation. In: Andersen, P.B.; Emmeche, C.; Finnemann, N.O.; Christiansen, P.V. (eds.) Downward Causation: Minds, Bodies and Matter (Aarhus, Aarhus University Press), pp. 13-34.

Engel, P. (2002). Intentionality, Normativity and Community, Facta Philosophica 4, pp. 25-50.

Fodor, J. (1974). Special Sciences, or the Disunity of Science as a Working Hypothesis. In: Boyd, R.; Gasper, P.; Trout, J.D. (eds.) (1991) The Philosophy of Science (Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press), pp. 429-441.

Griffin, D. R. (2001). Animal Minds: Beyond Cognition to Consciousness, 2nd Edition, Completely Revised & Expanded (Chicago, University of Chicago Press).

Haack, S. (2002). Realisms and Their Rivals: Recovering Our Innocence, Facta Philosophica 4, pp. 67-88.

Hellman, g. & Thompson, f. (1975). Physicalism: Ontology, Determination, and Reduction. Journal of Philosophy 72, pp. 551-564.

Horgan, T. (1982). Supervenience and Microphysics. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 63, pp. 29-43.

Horgan, T. (1993). From Supervenience to Superdupervenience: Meeting the Demands of a Material World. Mind 102, pp. 555-586.

Humphreys, P. (1997). Emergence, not Supervenience. Philosophy of Science 64 (Proceedings), pp. S337-S345.

James, W. ([1907]1975). Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking, ed. by F. Bowers et al. (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press).

Kim, J. (1992). Downward Causation in Emergentism and Non- reductive Materialism. In: A. Beckermann, H. Flohr & J. Kim (eds.), Emergence or Reduction? Essays on the Prospects of Nonreductive Physicalism (Berlin/New York, Walter de Gruyter), pp. 119-138.

Kim, J. (1993). Supervenience and Mind (New York, Cambridge University Press).

Kim, J. (1989). The Myth of Nonreductive Materialism, in: P.K. Moser & J.D. Trout (eds.) (1995), Contemporary Materialism: A Reader, pp. 133-149.

Kim, J. (1996). Philosophy of Mind (Boulder, Westview Press).

Kim, J. (1997). Supervenience, Emergence, and Realization in the Philosophy Of Mind. In: Carrier, M.; Machamer, P. K. (Eds.) Mindscape: Philosophy, Science, and the Mind (Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press), pp. 271-293.

Kim, J. (1998). Mind in a Physical World: An Essay on the Mind/Body Problem and Mental Causation (Cambridge, Mass./London, The MIT Press).

Kim, J. (1999). Making Sense of Emergence, Philosophical Studies 95, pp. 3-36.

Kim, J. (2000). Making Sense of Downward Causation. In: Andersen, P. B.; Emmeche, C.; Finnemann, N. O.; Christiansen, P. V. (eds.) Downward Causation: Minds, Bodies and Matter (Aarhus, Aarhus University Press), pp. 305-321.

Lloyd Morgan, C. (1923). Emergent Evolution (London, Williams and Norgate).

Mcdowell, J. ([1994]1996). Mind and World, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, Mass./London, Harvard University Press).

Nagel, E. (1961). The Structure of Science (New York, Harcourt, Brace and World).

Niiniluoto, I. (1999). Critical Scientific Realism (Oxford/New York, Oxford University Press).

O’connor, T. (1994). Emergent Properties, American Philosophical Quarterly 31(2), pp. 91-104.

Oppenheim, P. & Putnam, H. (1958). Unity of Science as a Working Hypothesis. In: Boyd, R.; Gasper, P. & Trout, J. D. (Eds.) (1991) The Philosophy of Science (Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press), pp. 405-427.

Pereira, A. M. (1998). Lendo Rorty lendo Davidson. In: Pinto, P. R. M.; Magro, C.; Santos, E. P. F. & Guimarães, L. (org.) Filosofia Analítica, Pragmatismo e Ciência (Belo Horizonte, Ed. UFMG).

Pihlström, S. (1996). Structuring the World: The Issue of Realism and the Nature of Ontological Problems in Classical and Contemporary Pragmatism, Acta Philosophica Fennica 59, The Philosophical Society of Finland, Helsinki.

Pihlström, S. (1998). Pragmatism and Philosophical Anthropology: Understanding Our Human Life in a Human World (New York, Peter Lang).

Pihlström, S. (1999a). What Shall We Do with Emergence? A Survey of a Fundamental Issue in the Metaphysics and Epistemology of Science, South African Journal of Philosophy 18, pp. 192-210.

Pihlström, S. (1999b). How Minds Understand Their World: Remarks on John McDowell’s Naturalism, Kantianism, and Pragmatism, Facta Philosophica 1, pp. 227-243.

Pihlström, S. (2002). “The Re-Emergence of the Emergence Debate”, forthcoming in Principia.

Pihlström, S. (2003). Naturalizing the Transcendental: A Pragmatic View (Amherst, NY, Prometheus/Humanity Books), forthcoming.

Putnam, H. (1990). Realism with a Human Face, ed. by J. Conant (Cambridge, Mass./London, Harvard University Press).

Putnam, H. (1994). Words and Life, ed. by J. Conant (Cambridge, Mass./ London, Harvard University Press).

Putnam, H. (1999). The Threefold Cord: Mind, Body, and World (New York, Columbia University Press).

Rescher, N. (1980). Conceptual Schemes, Midwest Studies in Philosophy 5, pp. 323-345.

Rorty, R. ([1987]1991). Nonreductive Physicalism. In: Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1 (Cambridge, Cambridege University Press), pp. 113-125.

Salthe, S. N. (1985). Evolving Hierarchical Systems: Their Structure and Representation (New York, Columbia University Press).

Searle, J. (1992). The Rediscovery of the Mind (Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press).

Sperry, R.W. (1969). A modified concept of consciousness. Psychological Review 76, pp. 532-536.

Sperry, R.W. (1983). Science and Moral Priority: Merging Mind, Brain, and Human Values (New York, Columbia University Press).

Sperry, R.W. (1991). In defense of mentalism and emergent interaction. Journal of Mind and Behavior 12, pp. 221-245.

Stephan, A. (1997). Armchair Arguments against Emergentism, Erkenntnis 46, pp. 305-314.

Stephan, A. (1998). Varieties of Emergence in Artificial and Natural Systems, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 53c, pp. 639-656.

Stephan, A. (1999). Emergenz: Von der Unvorhersagbarkeit zur Selbstorganisation, (Dresden/München, Dresden University Press).

Taylor, C. (1995). Philosophical Arguments (Cambridge, Mass./London, Harvard University Press).

Trout, J. D. (1991). Reductionism and the Unity of Science: Introductory Essay. In: Boyd, R.; Gasper, P. & Trout, J. D. (Eds.). The Philosophy of Science (Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press), pp. 387-392.

Van Cleve, J. (1990). Mind-dust or magic? Panpsychism versus emergence. In: Tomberlin, J. (Ed.) Philosophical Perspectives: Action Theory and Philosophy of Mind (Atascadero, CA., Ridgeview), vol. IV, pp. 215-226.

Creative Commons License
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2002 Manuscrito: Revista Internacional de Filosofia

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.