Palavras-chave
Vício
Autocontrole diacrônico
Autocontrole com apoio externo
Como Citar
Resumo
Uma visão restritiva do autocontrole identifica os exercícios de autocontrole com processos intrapsíquicos sincrônicos e retrata estratégias diacrônicas e externamente moldadas não como instâncias adequadas de autocontrole, mas como formas inteligentes de evitar a necessidade de exercer essa capacidade. Por sua vez, os defensores de uma visão inclusiva do autocontrole geralmente argumentam que devemos interpretar o autocontrole como algo mais do que a inibição do esforço e que, com base na equivalência funcional, todas essas diversas estratégias podem ser adequadamente descritas como instâncias de autocontrole. Neste artigo, dou uma nova olhada nesse debate, concentrando-me em casos de dependência. Argumento que os agentes viciados enfrentam um tipo paradigmático de desafio de autocontrole, o que torna o vício um importante caso de teste para as teorias de autocontrole. E discuto evidências que destacam tanto a falta de confiabilidade das estratégias intrapsíquicas sincrônicas quanto o papel crucial desempenhado pelas estratégias diacrônicas e externamente reforçadas nas tentativas bem-sucedidas de abstinência das pessoas viciadas. Os viciados em abstinência são um caso paradigmático de agentes que exercem com sucesso o autocontrole e, na maioria das vezes, fazem isso confiando em estratégias diacrônicas e externamente moldadas. Argumento que isso dá mais apoio a uma visão inclusiva do autocontrole.
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