Keywords
Aristotle
Explanation
Demonstration
Epistemology
Essencialism
Explanation
Demonstration
Epistemology
Essencialism
How to Cite
ANGIONI, Lucas. Aristotle’s contrast between episteme and doxa in its context (posterior analytics I.33). Manuscrito: International Journal of Philosophy, Campinas, SP, v. 42, n. 4, p. 157–210, 2019. Disponível em: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/manuscrito/article/view/8657756. Acesso em: 6 jul. 2024.
Abstract
Aristotle contrasts episteme and doxa through the key notions of universal and necessary. These notions have played a central role in Aristotle’s characterization of scientific knowledge in the previous chapters of APo. They are not spelled out in APo I.33, but work as a sort of reminder that packs an adequate characterization of scientific knowledge and thereby gives a highly specified context for Aristotle’s contrast between episteme and doxa. I will try to show that this context introduces a contrast in terms of explanatory claims: on the one hand, episteme covers those claims which capture explanatory connections that are universal and necessary and thereby deliver scientific understanding; on the other hand, doxa covers the explanatory attempts that fail at doing so.
References
ANGIONI, L. 2013. Knowledge and Opinion about the Same Thing in APo A-33. Dois Pontos 10.2, 255-290.
ANGIONI, L. 2014. Aristotle on Necessary Principles and on Explaining X through X's essence. Studia Philosophica Estonica 7.2, 88-112.
ANGIONI, L. 2014b. Demonstração, Silogismo e Causalidade, in Angioni, L. (ed.), Lógica e Ciência em Aristóteles, Campinas: PHI, 61-120.
ANGIONI, L. 2016. Aristotle’s Definition of Scientific Knowledge (APo 71b9-12). Logical Analysis and History of Philosophy 19, 140-166.
ANGIONI, L. 2018. Causality and coextensiveness in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics 1.13. Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy LIV, p. 159-185.
ANGIONI, L. 2018b. Geometrical premises in Aristotle’s Incessu Animalium and kind-crossing, Anais de Filosofia Clássica 24, 53-71.
ANGIONI, L. (forth.). Aristóteles e a necessidade do conhecimento científico, Discurso.
BARNES, J. 1993. Posterior Analytics. Oxford: Oxford UP.
BARNES, J. 2014. Aristotle on knowledge and proof. In Proof, Knowledge and Scepticism. Oxford: OUP, 73-94.
BERTI, E. (ed.). 1981. Aristotle on Science – The Posterior Analytics. Padova: Antenore.
BRONSTEIN, D. 2016. Aristotle on Knowledge and Learning. Oxford: Oxford UP.
BURNYEAT, M.F. 1981. Aristotle on Understanding Knowledge. In: Berti, E.(ed.). Aristotle on Science– The Posterior Analytics. Padova: Antenore, 97-140.
BURNYEAT, M.F. 2011. ‘Episteme’, In B. Morison & K. Ierodiakonou, Episteme etc.: Essays in Honour of Jonathan Barnes, Oxford: OUP, p. 3-29.
CHARLES, D. 2000. Aristotle on Meaning and Essence. Oxford: Oxford UP.
CHARLES, D. & CRIVELLI, P. 2011. ‘ΠΡΟΤΑΣΙΣ’ in Aristotle’s Prior Analytics. Phronesis 56, 193-203.
DETEL, W. 2006. Aristotle’s Logic and Theory of Science, in Gill, M.-L. & Pellegrin, P. (edd.), A Companion to Ancient Philosophy, Oxford: Blackwell.
FAIT, P. 2007. Le confutazione sofistiche. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
FEREJOHN, M. 1994. The Immediate Premises of Aristotelian Demonstration, Ancient Philosophy 14, 79- 97.
FEREJOHN, M. 2013. Formal Causes. Oxford: Oxford UP.
FINE, G. 2010a. Aristotle on Knowledge. In: Fronterotta, F. (ed.). La Scienza e le cause a partire dalla Metafisica di Aristotele. Napoli: Bibliopolis, 121-156.
FINE, G. 2010b. Aristotle’s Two Worlds: Knowledge and Belief in Posterior Analytics I.33. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 110, 323-46.
GIFFORD, M. 2000. “Lexical Anomalies in the Introduction to the Posterior Analytics, Part I”, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 19, p. 163-224.
GOLDIN, O. 1996. Explaining an Eclipse: Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics 2.1-10. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
GOLDIN, O. 2013. Circular justification and explanation in Aristotle. Phronesis 58, 195-214.
HANKINSON, R. J. 1998. Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought. Oxford: Oxford UP.
HASPER, P. S. 2006. Sources of delusion in Analytica Posteriora I 5. Phronesis 51, 252-284.
HASPER, P. S. 2013. Between Science and Dialetic: Aristotle’s Account of Good and Bad Peirastic Arguments in the Sophistical Refutations. Logical Analysis and History of Philosophy 15, 286-322.
HASPER, P. S. & YURDIN, J. 2014. Between Perception and Scientific Knowledge: Aristotle’s Account of Experience, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 47, 119-150.
INWOOD, BRAD. 1979. A Note on Commensurate Universals in the Posterior Analytics, Phronesis 24, 320-329.
KOSMAN, L. A. 1973. Explanation, Understanding and Insight in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics. In: Lee, H./ Mourelatos, A./ Rorty, R. (eds.). Exegesis and Argument. Van Gorcum: Assen.
KOSMAN, L. A. 1990. Necessity and Explanation in Aristotle’s Analytics, in Devereux, D. & Pellegrin, P. (edd.), Biologie, logique et métaphysique chez Aristote, Paris: Editions du CNRS, p. 349-364.
LENNOX, J. G. 2001a. Divide and Explain: the Posterior Analytics in practice. In: Lennox, J. G. (ed.). Aristotle’s Philosophy of Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
LENNOX, J. G. 2001b. Between Data and Demonstration: the Analytics and the Historia Animalium. In: Lennox, J. G. (ed.). Aristotle’s Philosophy of Biology, Cambridge UP, 2001.
LESHER, J. H. 2001. Aristotle on ἐπιστήμη as understanding. Ancient Philosophy 21, 45-55.
LLOYD, A. C. 1981. Necessity and Essence in the Posterior Analytics. In: Berti, E. (ed.). Aristotle on Science – The Posterior Analytics. Padova: Antenore, 157-171.
MALINK, M. 2013. Aristotle’s Modal Syllogistic. Harvard University Press.
MATTHEN, M. 1981. The Structure of Aristotelian Science. In: Matthen, M. (ed.). Aristotle Today: Essays on Aristotle’s ideal of science. Edmonton: Academic Printing & Publishing, 1-23.
MCKIRAHAN, R. 1992. Principles and Proofs. Aristotle’s Theory of Demonstrative Science. Princeton: Princeton UP.
MENDELL, H. 1998. Making Sense of Aristotelian Demonstration. Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 16, 161–225.
MENDELSOHN, JOSHUA. 2019. Aristotle on the Necessity of What We Know. PhD Dissertation: University of Chicago. Lucas Angioni 209 Manuscrito – Rev. Int. Fil. Campinas, v. 42, n. 4, pp. 157-210, Oct-Dec. 2019.
MIGNUCCI, M. 2007. Aristotele - Analitici Secondi. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
MORISON, B. Forthcoming. Aristotle on the distinction between what is understood and what is believed, in Salmieri, G. (ed.), Knowing and Coming to Know: Essays on Aristotle’s Epistemology, Pittsburgh University Press.
MOSS, J. & SCHWAB, W. 2019. The Birth of Belief. Journal of the History of Philosophy 57 (1), 1-32.
MUELLER, I. 1982. Aristotle and the Quadrature of the Circle. In: Kretzmann, N. (ed.). Infinity and Continuity in Ancient and Medieval Thought. Cornell: Cornell UP, 146-164.
PERAMATZIS, M. Forthcoming. Aristotle on Knowledge & Belief: Posterior Analytics I.33, in Salmieri, G. (ed.), Knowing and Coming to Know: Essays on Aristotle’s Epistemology, Pittsburgh University Press.
PHILOPONUS. 1909. In: Wallies, M. (ed.). Aristotelis analytica posteriora commentaria (commentaria in aristotelem graeca vol. XIII). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
PHILOPONUS. 2008. On Aristotle Posterior Analytics 1.1-8. Translated by Richard McKirahan. London: Bloomsbury.
ROSS, W. D. 1949. Aristotle’s Prior and Posterior Analytics. Oxford: Oxford UP.
SMITH, R. 1984. Immediate propositions and Aristotle’s proof theory. Ancient Philosophy 6, 47-68.
SMITH, R. 1984. 2009. Aristotle’s theory of demonstration. In: Anagnostopoulos, G. (ed.). A Companion to Aristotle (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy). Oxford: WileyBlackwell, 51-65.
TAYLOR. C. C. W. 1990. Aristotle’s epistemology. In: S. Everson (ed). Epistemology. Cambridge UP,116-142.
ZUPPOLINI, B. 2018. Aristotle on Per Se Accidents. Ancient Philosophy 38, 113
ANGIONI, L. 2014. Aristotle on Necessary Principles and on Explaining X through X's essence. Studia Philosophica Estonica 7.2, 88-112.
ANGIONI, L. 2014b. Demonstração, Silogismo e Causalidade, in Angioni, L. (ed.), Lógica e Ciência em Aristóteles, Campinas: PHI, 61-120.
ANGIONI, L. 2016. Aristotle’s Definition of Scientific Knowledge (APo 71b9-12). Logical Analysis and History of Philosophy 19, 140-166.
ANGIONI, L. 2018. Causality and coextensiveness in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics 1.13. Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy LIV, p. 159-185.
ANGIONI, L. 2018b. Geometrical premises in Aristotle’s Incessu Animalium and kind-crossing, Anais de Filosofia Clássica 24, 53-71.
ANGIONI, L. (forth.). Aristóteles e a necessidade do conhecimento científico, Discurso.
BARNES, J. 1993. Posterior Analytics. Oxford: Oxford UP.
BARNES, J. 2014. Aristotle on knowledge and proof. In Proof, Knowledge and Scepticism. Oxford: OUP, 73-94.
BERTI, E. (ed.). 1981. Aristotle on Science – The Posterior Analytics. Padova: Antenore.
BRONSTEIN, D. 2016. Aristotle on Knowledge and Learning. Oxford: Oxford UP.
BURNYEAT, M.F. 1981. Aristotle on Understanding Knowledge. In: Berti, E.(ed.). Aristotle on Science– The Posterior Analytics. Padova: Antenore, 97-140.
BURNYEAT, M.F. 2011. ‘Episteme’, In B. Morison & K. Ierodiakonou, Episteme etc.: Essays in Honour of Jonathan Barnes, Oxford: OUP, p. 3-29.
CHARLES, D. 2000. Aristotle on Meaning and Essence. Oxford: Oxford UP.
CHARLES, D. & CRIVELLI, P. 2011. ‘ΠΡΟΤΑΣΙΣ’ in Aristotle’s Prior Analytics. Phronesis 56, 193-203.
DETEL, W. 2006. Aristotle’s Logic and Theory of Science, in Gill, M.-L. & Pellegrin, P. (edd.), A Companion to Ancient Philosophy, Oxford: Blackwell.
FAIT, P. 2007. Le confutazione sofistiche. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
FEREJOHN, M. 1994. The Immediate Premises of Aristotelian Demonstration, Ancient Philosophy 14, 79- 97.
FEREJOHN, M. 2013. Formal Causes. Oxford: Oxford UP.
FINE, G. 2010a. Aristotle on Knowledge. In: Fronterotta, F. (ed.). La Scienza e le cause a partire dalla Metafisica di Aristotele. Napoli: Bibliopolis, 121-156.
FINE, G. 2010b. Aristotle’s Two Worlds: Knowledge and Belief in Posterior Analytics I.33. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 110, 323-46.
GIFFORD, M. 2000. “Lexical Anomalies in the Introduction to the Posterior Analytics, Part I”, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 19, p. 163-224.
GOLDIN, O. 1996. Explaining an Eclipse: Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics 2.1-10. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
GOLDIN, O. 2013. Circular justification and explanation in Aristotle. Phronesis 58, 195-214.
HANKINSON, R. J. 1998. Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought. Oxford: Oxford UP.
HASPER, P. S. 2006. Sources of delusion in Analytica Posteriora I 5. Phronesis 51, 252-284.
HASPER, P. S. 2013. Between Science and Dialetic: Aristotle’s Account of Good and Bad Peirastic Arguments in the Sophistical Refutations. Logical Analysis and History of Philosophy 15, 286-322.
HASPER, P. S. & YURDIN, J. 2014. Between Perception and Scientific Knowledge: Aristotle’s Account of Experience, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 47, 119-150.
INWOOD, BRAD. 1979. A Note on Commensurate Universals in the Posterior Analytics, Phronesis 24, 320-329.
KOSMAN, L. A. 1973. Explanation, Understanding and Insight in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics. In: Lee, H./ Mourelatos, A./ Rorty, R. (eds.). Exegesis and Argument. Van Gorcum: Assen.
KOSMAN, L. A. 1990. Necessity and Explanation in Aristotle’s Analytics, in Devereux, D. & Pellegrin, P. (edd.), Biologie, logique et métaphysique chez Aristote, Paris: Editions du CNRS, p. 349-364.
LENNOX, J. G. 2001a. Divide and Explain: the Posterior Analytics in practice. In: Lennox, J. G. (ed.). Aristotle’s Philosophy of Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
LENNOX, J. G. 2001b. Between Data and Demonstration: the Analytics and the Historia Animalium. In: Lennox, J. G. (ed.). Aristotle’s Philosophy of Biology, Cambridge UP, 2001.
LESHER, J. H. 2001. Aristotle on ἐπιστήμη as understanding. Ancient Philosophy 21, 45-55.
LLOYD, A. C. 1981. Necessity and Essence in the Posterior Analytics. In: Berti, E. (ed.). Aristotle on Science – The Posterior Analytics. Padova: Antenore, 157-171.
MALINK, M. 2013. Aristotle’s Modal Syllogistic. Harvard University Press.
MATTHEN, M. 1981. The Structure of Aristotelian Science. In: Matthen, M. (ed.). Aristotle Today: Essays on Aristotle’s ideal of science. Edmonton: Academic Printing & Publishing, 1-23.
MCKIRAHAN, R. 1992. Principles and Proofs. Aristotle’s Theory of Demonstrative Science. Princeton: Princeton UP.
MENDELL, H. 1998. Making Sense of Aristotelian Demonstration. Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 16, 161–225.
MENDELSOHN, JOSHUA. 2019. Aristotle on the Necessity of What We Know. PhD Dissertation: University of Chicago. Lucas Angioni 209 Manuscrito – Rev. Int. Fil. Campinas, v. 42, n. 4, pp. 157-210, Oct-Dec. 2019.
MIGNUCCI, M. 2007. Aristotele - Analitici Secondi. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
MORISON, B. Forthcoming. Aristotle on the distinction between what is understood and what is believed, in Salmieri, G. (ed.), Knowing and Coming to Know: Essays on Aristotle’s Epistemology, Pittsburgh University Press.
MOSS, J. & SCHWAB, W. 2019. The Birth of Belief. Journal of the History of Philosophy 57 (1), 1-32.
MUELLER, I. 1982. Aristotle and the Quadrature of the Circle. In: Kretzmann, N. (ed.). Infinity and Continuity in Ancient and Medieval Thought. Cornell: Cornell UP, 146-164.
PERAMATZIS, M. Forthcoming. Aristotle on Knowledge & Belief: Posterior Analytics I.33, in Salmieri, G. (ed.), Knowing and Coming to Know: Essays on Aristotle’s Epistemology, Pittsburgh University Press.
PHILOPONUS. 1909. In: Wallies, M. (ed.). Aristotelis analytica posteriora commentaria (commentaria in aristotelem graeca vol. XIII). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
PHILOPONUS. 2008. On Aristotle Posterior Analytics 1.1-8. Translated by Richard McKirahan. London: Bloomsbury.
ROSS, W. D. 1949. Aristotle’s Prior and Posterior Analytics. Oxford: Oxford UP.
SMITH, R. 1984. Immediate propositions and Aristotle’s proof theory. Ancient Philosophy 6, 47-68.
SMITH, R. 1984. 2009. Aristotle’s theory of demonstration. In: Anagnostopoulos, G. (ed.). A Companion to Aristotle (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy). Oxford: WileyBlackwell, 51-65.
TAYLOR. C. C. W. 1990. Aristotle’s epistemology. In: S. Everson (ed). Epistemology. Cambridge UP,116-142.
ZUPPOLINI, B. 2018. Aristotle on Per Se Accidents. Ancient Philosophy 38, 113
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