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20 anos depois de reinstalada a democracia no Brasil, a maioria dos brasileiros apóia o regime, mas desconfia das instituições democráticas. O artigo examina os significados atribuídos à democracia por pessoas comuns com base na análise das respostas à pergunta aberta "O que é democracia". O estudo se baseia em análises bivariadas e multivariadas de dados de pesquisas coordenadas pelo autor em 1989, 1990, 1993 e 2006. Os testes tiveram por objetivo verificar os significados mais importantes do conceito, assim como os seus determinantes, de modo a permitir um conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre a crescente adesão normativa dos brasileiros à democracia. Os resultados mostram que os brasileiros definem a democracia em termos tanto de liberdades como de procedimentos institucionais; surpreendentemente, o conteúdo relativo à dimensão social da democracia tem pouco impacto nos resultados. Ao longo de quase 20 anos, os brasileiros confirmam a sua crescente adesão à democracia, e combinam sobre o conceito uma ideia normativa com outra de natureza pragmática, mas que se refere à função das instituições. Isoladas, essas dimensões dizem pouco, mas, juntas, definem a natureza singular do processo democrático e têm relação com a sua qualidade.
Abstract:
20 years after democracy was reestablished in Brazil, Brazilians give support to the democratic regime but distrust public institutions. The paper exams the meanings of democracy according to common people’s answers to an open-end question: “What is democracy?”, included in surveys undertaken by the author in 1989, 1990, 1993 and 2006. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were undertaken in order to advance the knowledge about the meanings of democracy, its determinants and the nature of the growing normative adherence to the democratic regime in the country. Data has shown that Brazilians define democracy in terms of liberties, freedom and institutional procedures; surprisingly the dimension relative to social benefits has no important impact on the results. Both definitions, related to a normative and a pragmatic perspectives, are relevant for democratic consolidation and the quality of democracy, and are integral components of the democratic process.
Keywords: democracy; political support; representative institutions; political culture
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