Palavras-chave
Como Citar
Resumo
Muitos trabalhos estudam a relação entre dinheiro e eleições, especialmente como o aporte de recursos pode explicar o sucesso do candidato. Nosso artigo tem como objetivo identificar aspectos do financiamento de campanha nas eleições para o Congresso Nacional brasileiro, nos anos de 2002 e 2006, com base nos dados do TSE. Buscamos captar: a) diferenças nas receitas e gastos entre candidatos à reeleição e novos candidatos; b) variações regionais, dadas as profundas clivagens socioeconômicas dos distritos eleitorais, que podem afetar as contribuições e despesas realizadas; c) variações camerais, dada a incongruência do bicameralismo brasileiro; d) variações partidárias, ou seja, se há candidatos cujas campanhas saem mais "caras" ou mais "baratas", a depender do partido politico.
Abstract:
Many scholars have written on money and elections, especially on how expenditures can explain the performance of the candidate. Our paper aims at describing some features of finance campaign for the Brazilian National Congress in 2002 and 2006, based on the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) data. We tried to capture: a) donations and expenditures variation of incumbents and challengers; b) regional variations, given the socioeconomic cleavages of the electoral district, that may affect donations and expenditures; c) cameral variations, given the incongruent character of the Brazilian bicameralism; d) party variations, that is, if there are candidates that cost “more” or “less”, depending on party affiliation.
Keywords: campaign finance; Senate; Chamber of Deputies; elections; Brazil
Referências
AMES, B. Os entraves da democracia no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 2003.
AMES, B “Electoral Strategy under Open-List Proportional Representation”. American Journal of Political Science, vol. 39, nº 2, p.406-433, 1995.
ANSOLABEHERE, S; J. M. FIGUEIREDO, et al. “Why is There so Little Money in U.S. Politics?” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.17, nº1, p.105-13, 2003..
BARON, D. P. “Electoral competition with informed and uninformed voters.” The American Political Science Review, vol. 87, p.34-47, 1994.
BRAGA, M. do S. S.; BOURDOUKAN, A. Y. “Political parties in Brazil: party organization, electoral competition and public financing”. Perspectivas, São Paulo, vol.35, p.117-148, jan./jun, 2009.
CAREY, J; SHUGART, M. “Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: a Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas”. Electoral Studies, vol.14, nº4, p.417-439, 1995.
CLAWSON, D. “Politics is money.” Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, vol. 138, nº1, p.34-46, 2001.
CLAWSON, D. et al. Dollars and Votes: How business campaign contributions subvert democracy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998.
CONGRESSO EM FOCO. Haverá renovação no Congresso? 7 jul. 2009. Disponível em: <http://congressoemfoco.ig.com.br/noticia.asp?cod_canal=14&cod_publicacao=28 803>. Acesso em: [19 set. 2009].
FENNO, R. F. J. Home Style: House Members in Their Districts. New York: Longman, 2002.
FRANCIA, P. L. et al. The Financiers of Congressional Elections: investors, ideologies, and intimates. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.
JACOBSON, G. C. “The effects of campaign spending in congressional elections.” American Political Science Review, vol. 26, p.393-415, 1978.
JACOBSON, G. C. Money in Congressional Elections. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980.
JACOBSON, G. C “Incumbents’ Advantages in the 1978 U.S. Congressional Elections.”Legislative Studies Quarterly, vol.VI, nº2 p.183-1999. 1981.
JACOBSON, G. C. The Politics of Congressional Elections. Glenview: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1987.
JACOBSON, G. C. “The effect of campaign spending in House elections: New evidence for old arguments.” American Political Science Review, vol.90, p.363-372, 1990.
JACOBSON, G. C. Measuring Campaign Spending Effects in U.S. House Elections. In: BRADY, H. E and JOHNSTON, R. (ed.). Capturing CUSampaign Effects. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006.
LANGBEIN, L. I. “Money and Access: Some Empirical Evidence.” The Journal of Politics vol. 48, nº4, p.1052-1062, 1986.
MAINWARING, S. P. Rethinking party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: the case of Brazil. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
MANCUSO, W. P. O Lobby da Indústria no Congresso Nacional: Empresariado e Política no Brasil Contemporâneo. São Paulo: Humanitas/Edusp, 2007.
MAYHEW, D. R. Congress: The Electoral Connection. 2nd Ed.New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2004.
NAVARRO, P. The Policy Game: how special interests and ideologies are stealing America. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltda, 1984.
NEUSTADTL, A. “Interest-Group PACsnabship: An analysis of campaign contributions, issue visibility, and legislative impact.” Social Forces, vol. 69, nº2, p.549-564, 1990.
PEREIRA, C. e MUELLER, B. “Partidos fracos na arena eleitoral e partidos fortes na arena legislativa: a conexão eleitoral no Brasil.” Dados, vol. 46, nº4, p.735-771, 2003.
PEREIRA, C.; RENNÓ, L. R. “O que é que o reeleito tem? Dinâmicas PolíticoInstitucionais Locais e Nacionais nas Eleições de 1998 para a Câmara dos Deputados.” Dados, vol.44, nº2, Rio de Janeiro, 2001.
PEREIRA, C.; RENNÓ, L. R. “O que é que o reeleito tem? O retorno: o esboço de uma teoria da reeleição no Brasil.” Revista de Economia Política, vol.27, nº4 (108), p.664-683, 2007.
SAMUELS, D. J. “Ambition and Competition: Explaining Legislative Turnover in Brazil”. Legislative Studies Quarterly. vol.25, nº3, p.481-497, 2000.
SAMUELS, D. J. “Incumbents and Challengers on a Level Playing Field: Assessing the Impact of Campaign Finance in Brazil.” The Journal of Politics, vol.63, nº2, p.569-584. 2001a.
SAMUELS, D. J. “Money, Elections, and Democracy in Brazil. Latin American Politics and Society.” vol.43, nº 2, p.27-48, 2001b.
SAMUELS, D. J. “Does Money Matter? Credible Commitments and Campaign Finance in New Democracies: Theory and Evidence from Brazil.” Comparative Politics, vol.34, nº1, p.23-42, 2001c.
SAMUELS, D. J. Financiamento de Campanhas e Propostas de Reforma. In: RENNÓ, L. R. e SOARES, G. A. D. (ed.). Reforma Política: Lições da História Recente. Rio de Janeiro: Editora FGV, 2006.
SANTOS, F. O poder legislativo no presidencialismo de coalizão. Belo Horizonte: UFMG, 2003.
SKOCPOL, T. “American Democracy in an Age of Rising Inequality.” Perspectives on Politics,. vol.2 p.651-666, dec. 2004.
STRATMANN, T. “The Effectiveness of Money in Ballot Measure Campaigns.” Southern California Law Review, vol.78, p.102-124, 2005.
SNYDER, J. J. “Long-term investing in politicians: Or, give early, give often.” Journal of Law and Economics, vol.35, p.15-43, 1992.
WELCH, W. P. “The economics of campaign funds.” Public Choice, vol.20, p.83-97, 1975.
POWER, T. J; ZUCCO, C. “Estimating ideology of Brazilian Legislative parties, 1990 - 2005: a research communication.” Latin American Research Review, vol. 44, nº 1, p.218-246, 2009.
A Opinião Pública utiliza a licença do Creative Commons (CC), preservando assim, a integridade dos artigos em ambiente de acesso aberto.
Downloads
