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Em um artigo tornado um clássico da criminologia, Edwin Sutherland sublinhava desde 1940 os benefícios recíprocos que poderiam obter os economistas e os criminólogos de uma melhor integração de seus conhecimentos. Mesmo que seu convite à interdisciplinaridade tenha por objeto o crime do colarinho branco, outras formas de delinqüência sustentam particularmente tal solicitação, dentre elas o “roubo de identidade”. Após ter examinado na primeira parte deste artigo as ambigüidades e paradoxos que pesam sobre as análises contemporâneas do “roubo de identidade”, eu proponho na segunda parte um quadro de análise alternativo que repousa sobre o conceito de coevolução ligando o “roubo de identidade” tal qual nós conhecemos hoje ao desenvolvimento dos novos meios de pagamento a partir do fim dos anos de 1950. Com o auxílio de dados históricos e econômicos, eu mostro como esta transformação fundamental de hábitos de consumo contribuiu para a emergência de novas oportunidades criminosas, ao desenvolvimento de mecanismos de segurança e de procedimentos privados de regulamento dos conflitos, assim como o declínio de outras formas de delinqüência.
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