Keywords
ointment. Oral bacteria. Oral fungi. Susceptibility
. MIC
How to Cite
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that propolis has appreciable antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral actions, as well as cytostatic and antitumoral activity. In light of these studies, the antimicrobial activity of a new adhesive formulation containing propolis was evaluated in this in vitro study. Susceptibility of the oral strains tested (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelli, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) was evaluated using the agar diffusion method with different concentrations of propolis (5, 10, 15 and 20%). All of the assayed bacteria and fungi species were susceptible to propolis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.75 to 14.0 µg/ml. The positive results suggest that propolis in this sustained release formulation should be further tested as an alternative therapy of infectious conditions of the oral cavity, such as denture stomatitis and periodontitis. However, in vivo studies of the effect of this new adhesive formulation of propolis are needed to determine its possible effects on the oral mucosa.References
Ghisalberti EL. Propolis: a review. Bee World. 1979; 60: 59-84.
Thomson WM. Propolis. Med J Aust. 1990; 153: 654.
Marcucci MC. Propolis: chemical composition, biological properties and therapeutic activity. Apidologie. 1995; 26: 83- 99.
Grange JM, Darvey RW. Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). J R Soc Med. 1990; 83: 159-60.
Ikeno K, Ikeno T, Mtyazawa C. Effects of propolis on dental caries in rats. Caries Res. 1991; 25: 347-51.
Kujungiev A, Tsvetkova I, Serkedjieva Y, Bankova V, Christov R, Popov S. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origin. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 64: 235-40.
Menezes H, Bacci M, Jr Oliveira SD, Pagnocca FC. Antibacterial properties of propolis and products containing propolis from Brazil. Apidologie. 1997; 28: 71-6.
Borrelli F, Maffia P, Pinto L, Ianaro A, Russo A, Capasso F et al. Phytochemical compounds involved in the anti-inflamatory effect of propolis extract. Fitoterapia. 2002; 73: S53-63.
Ota C, Unterkircher C, Fantinato V, Shimizu MT. Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida. Mycoses. 2001; 44: 375-8.
Scheller S, Szaffarski J, Tustanowski J, Nolewajfca E, Stojko A. Biological properties and clinical application of propolis. Arzeneimittelfforschun Drug Res. 1977; 27: 889-90.
Amoros M, Sauvager F, Girre L, Cormier M. In vitro antiviral activity of propolis. Apidologie. 1992; 23: 231-40.
Grunberger D, Banerjee R, Eisiager K, Oltz EM, Efros L, Caldwell M et al. Preferential cytotoxicity on tumor cells by caffeic acid phenethyl esther isolated from propolis. Experimentia. 1988; 44: 230-2.
Na HK, Wilson MR, Kang KS, Chang CC, Grunberger D, Trosko JE. Restoration of gap junctional intercellular communication by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in a ras-transformed rat liver epithelial cell line. Cancer Lett. 2000; 157: 31-8.
Dimov V, Ivanovska N, Bankova V, Nikolov N, Popov S. Immunomodulatory action of propolis: IV. Prophylatic activity against Gram-negative infections and adjuvant effect of water soluble derivative. Vaccine. 1992; 10: 817-23.
Orsolic N, Basic I. Immunomodulation by water-soluble derivative of propolis: a factor of antitumor reactivity. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 84: 265-73.
Dobrowolski JW, Vohora SB, Sharma K, Shah SA, Naqvi SAH, Dandiya PC. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiamoebic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic studies of propolis bee products. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 35: 77-82.
Ivanovska ND, Dimov VB, Bankova VS, Popov SS. Immunomodulatory action of propolis. VI. Influence of a water soluble derivative on complement activity in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995; 47: 145-7.
Gebara ECE, Zardetto CGDC, Mayer MPA. “In vitro” study of the antimicrobial activity of natural substances against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Rev Odontol Univ São Paulo. 1996; 10: 251-6.
Park YK, Koo MH, Abreu JAS, Ikegaki M, Cury JA, Rosalen PL. Antimicrobial activity of propolis on oral microorganisms. Curr Microbiol. 1998; 36: 24-8.
Steinberg D, Kaine G, Gedalia I. Antibacterial effect of propolis and honey on oral bacteria. Am J Dent. 1996; 9: 236-9.
Needleman P, Lang S, Johnson EM. Organic nitrates: relationship between biotransformation and rational angina pectoris therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1972; 181: 489-97.
Ceschel GC, Maffei P, Sforzini A, Lombardi BS, Yasin A, Ronchi C. In vitro permeation through porcine buccal mucosa of caffeic acid phenetyl ester (CAPE) from a topical mucoadhesive gel containing propolis. Fitoterapia. 2002; 73: S44-52.
Cheng PC, Wong G. Honey bee propolis: prospects in medicine. Bee World. 1996; 77: 8-15.
Santos FA, Bastos EMAE, Uzeda M, Carvalho MAH, Farias LM, Moreira ESA. Antibacterial activity of propolis produced in Brazil against Actinobacillus actinomycetencomintans, Fusobacterium spp. and bacteria from Bacteroides fragili group isolated from human and marmoset hosts. Anaerobe. 1999; 5: 479-81.
NCCLS-National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Wayne, Pennsylvania: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. NCCLS Document M7-A5; 2000.
NCCLS-National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Wayne, Pennsylvania: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. NCCLS Document M27-A2; 2002.
Klech CM, Li XM. Consideration of drug load on the swelling kinetics of glassy gelatin matrices. J Pharm Sci. 1990; 79: 999- 1004.
Gupta P, Vermani K, Garg S. Hydrogels: from controlled release to pH-responsive drug delivery. Drug Discov Today. 2002; 7: 569-79.
Kost TA. Expression vectors and delivery systems tools for determining gene function and gene therapy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 1999; 10: 409-10.
Hoffman AS. Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2002; 54: 3-12.
Walker CB. The acquisition of antibiotic resistance in the periodontal microflora. Periodontol 2000. 1996; 10: 79-88.
Mombelli A. Antibiotics in periodontal therapy. In: Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang NP. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 3.ed. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1997. p. 488-507.
Jorgensen JH, Swenson JM, Tenover FC, Ferraro MJ, Hindler JA, Murray PR. Development of interpretive criteria and quality control limits for broth microdilution and disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 1994; 33: 1044-5.
Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Prasain JK, Matsushige K, Saiki I, Kadota S. Chemical constituents of Brazilian propolis and their cytotoxic activities. J Nat Prod. 1998; 61: 896-900.
Martins RS, Pereira ES Jr, Lima SM, Senna MI, Mesquita RA, Santos VR. Effect of commercial ethanol propolis extract on the in vitro growth of Candida albicans collected from HIVseropositive and HIV-seronegative Brazilian patients with oral candidiasis. J Oral Sci. 2002; 44: 41-8.
Orsi RO, Sforcin JM, Funari SR, Bankova V. Effects of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis on bactericidal activity of macrophages against Salmonella typhimurium. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005; 5: 359-68.
Bankova V. Recent trends and important developments in propolis research. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2005; 2: 29-32.
The Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences uses the Creative Commons license (CC), thus preserving the integrity of the articles in an open access environment.
Downloads
