Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Oral habits are repetitive actions that are done automatically. These behaviours are started and stopped spontaneously with or without deleterious effect on the developing occlusion. Aim: To explore the family related factors associated with oral habits in children resident in sub-urban Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study utilizing a household survey to recruit 992 1year to 12-year-olds. Information collected using a structured questionnaire included gender, family structure (parenting structure, birth rank, number of siblings, socioeconomic status) and types of non-nutritive habits. The association between family structures related variables and presence of non-nutritive oral habits was determined using Chi square. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of presence of oral habits. Results: There was no significant association between the prevalence of oral habits and parenting structure (p=0.52), birth rank (p=0.50) and socioeconomic status (p=0.14). However, the association between oral habits prevalence and number of siblings the child had was significant (p=0.03). The odds of having a non-nutritive oral habit reduced insignificantly for those from middle (AOR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.42-1.08) and low (AOR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.59-1.55) socioeconomic class when compared with those with high socioeconomic status; and for last born and only children (AOR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.56-1.60) and children with 2-4 siblings (AOR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.36-1.09) when compared with those that have more than 4 siblings. The odds were higher for children who were living with single parents or guardians (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.76-2.59; p=0.27) and for males (AOR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.82-1.78). Conclusion: The study was unable to identify a significant family related predictor of presence of non-nutritive oral habits in the study population though a number of these factors increased the odds of having the habits. There is need to explore if specific family factors are associated with the presence of specific non-nutritive habits in this group of children.References
Maguire JA. The evaluation and treatment of pediatric oral habits. Dental Clin North Am. 2000 Jul;44(3):659-69, vii.
Shahraki N, Yassaei S, Moghadam MG. Abnormal oral habits: a review. J Dent Oral Hyg. 2012 May;4(2):12-5. Doi: 10.5897/JDOH12.001.
Bear PN, Lestor M. The thumb, the pacifier, the erupting tooth and a beautiful smile. J Pedod. 1987 Whinter;11(2):115-9.
Funch DP, Gale EN. Factors associated with nocturnal bruxism and its treatment. J Behav Med. 1980 Dec;3(4):385-7.
Kuch EV, Till MJ, Messer LB. Bruxing and non-bruxing children: a comparison of their personality traits. Pediatr Dent. 1979 Sep;1(3):182-7.
Manfredini D, Lobbezoo F. Role of psychosocial factors in the etiology of bruxism. J Orofac Pain. 2009 Spring;23(2):153-66.
Rani MS. Synopsis of orthodontics. 2nd ed. Delhi: All India publisher and Distributors; 1998. p. 179-200.
Larson EF. The prevalence and aetiology of prolonged dummy and finger-sucking habits. Eur J Orthod. 1985 Aug; 7(3):172-6.
Gupta BI, Bhavna G, Indushekar KR. Childhood thumb sucking habit: the burden of a preventable problem! J Dent Med Sci. 2012 Jun;2(1):1-4.
Adair SM. Pacifier use in children: a review of recent literature. Pediatr Dent. 2003 Sep-Oct;25(5):449-58.
Farsi NM, Salama FS. Sucking habits in Saudi children: prevalence, contributing factors and effects on the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent. 1997 Jan-Feb;19(1):28-33.
Turgeon-O'Brien H, Lachapelle D, Gagnon PF, Larocque I, MaheuRobert LF. Nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits: a review. ASDC J Dent Child. 1996 Sep-Oct;63(5):321-7.
Warren JJ, Bishara SE. Duration of nutritive and non-nutritive sucking behaviors and their effects on the dental arches in the primary dentition. Am J Orthod Dento-facial Orthop. 2002 Apr;121(4):347-56.
Rajchanovska D, Zafirova-Ivanovska B. Oral habits among preelementary children in Bitola. Prilozi. 2012;33(1):157-69.
Telles FB, Ferreira RI, MagalhãesLdo N, Scavone-Junior H. Effect of breast- and bottle-feeding duration on the age of pacifier use persistence. Braz Oral Res. 2009 Oct-Dec;23(4):432-8.
Jahanbin A, Mokhber N, Jabbarimani A. Association between sociodemographic factors and nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits among Iranian girls. East Mediterr Health J. 2010 Nov;16(11):1143-7.
Richards MH, Gitelson IB, Peterson AC, Hartig AL. Adolescent personality in girls and boys: The role of mothers and fathers. Psychol Women Quart. 1991 Mar;15(1):65-81.
Chen E. Why socioeconomic status affects the health of children: a psychosocial perspective. Curr Direct Psychol Sci. 2004 jun; 13(3):1125.
Dohrenwend BS, Dohrenwend BP. Stress situations, birth order, and psychological symptoms. J Abnormal Psychology. 1966 Jun;71(3):21523.
Falana BA, Bada FO, Ayodele CJ. Single-parent family structure, psychological, social and cognitive development of children in Ekiti State. J Educ Develop Psychol. 2012 Aug;2(2):158-64. DOI: 10.5539/ jedp.v2n2p158.
Oyerinde OO. The impact of family structure, parental practices and family size on children’s academic performance. Nig School Health J. 2001;13(2):160-8.
UNICEF. Nigeria-The children Education. 2005 [Cited 2014 Dec 20]. Available from: www.unicef/org/nigeria/children.
Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Oyedele TA, Chukwumah NM, Onyejaka N, Agbaje H, et al. Erratum: Association between knowledge of caries preventive practices, preventive oral health habits of parents and children and caries experience in children resident in sub-urban Nigeria. BMC Oral Health. 2015 May 20;15:62. doi: 10.1186/s12903-015-0044-4.
Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Oziegbe EO, Oyedele TA, Oshomoji OV, Chukwumah et al. Prevalence and early childhood caries risk indicators in preschool children in suburban Nigeria. BMC Oral Health. 2015 Jun 30;15:72. doi: 10.1186/s12903-015-0058-y.
Araoye MO. Research methodology with statistics for health and social science. Ilorin: Nathadex Publisher; 2003. p.115-9.
Quashie-Williams R, daCosta OO, Isiekwe MC. Oral habits, prevalence and effects on occlusion of 4-15 year old school children in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2010 Jun;17(2):113-7.
Olusanya O, Okpere O, Ezimokhai M. The importance of social class in voluntary fertility control in developing country. West Afr J Med. 1985;4(4):205-12
Folayan MO, Otuyemi OD. Reliability and validity of a short form of the dental subscale of the child fear survey schedule used in Nigerian children population. Niger J Med. 2002 Oct-Dec;11(4):161-3.
Folayan MO, Idehen EE, Ufomata D. The effect of sociodemographic factors on dental anxiety in children seen in a suburban Nigerian hospital. Int J Peadiatr Dent. 2003 Jan;13(1):20-6.
Taylor VJ, Cook PA. The prevalence of dummy sucking in two socioeconomic groups in Leeds [abstract 72]. J Dent Res. 1989; 68:567.
Fernandes IB, Pereira TS, Figueiredo de Carvalho MF, Ramos-Jorge J, Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge LM. Non-nutritive sucking habits after three years of age: A case-control study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2015 Jan-Mar;33(1):19-24. doi: 10.4103/0970-4388.148965.
Williams TI, Rose R, Chisholm S. What is the function of nail biting: an analog assessment study. Behav Res Ther. 2007 May;45(5):989-95.
Murrieta JF, Hernández D, Linares C, Gonzáles M, Juárez L, Montaño V. Parafunctional oral habits and its relationship with family structure in a Mexican preschoolers group. J Oral Res. 2014;3(1):29-35.
Quashie-Williams R, Dacosta OO, Isiekwe MC. The prevalence of oral habits among 4 to 15 year old school children in Lagos. Nig J Health Biomed Sci. 2007;6(1):78-82.
The Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences uses the Creative Commons license (CC), thus preserving the integrity of the articles in an open access environment.
Downloads
