Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the bond strength of a GIC associated with chlorhexidine (CHX) to sound and caries-affected dentin, immediately and after six months of storage. Methods: Sixty molars were assigned to two groups of 30 teeth. One had flat dentin surfaces produced and submitted to caries induction to obtain a caries-affected dentin. In the other group dentin was maintained sound. Teeth of each group were randomly reassigned to three subgroups (n=10) according to the concentration of CHX added to the GIC (0%, 1% and 2% by weight). Two specimens (1mm diameter x 1 mm high) of the same material were constructed on each dentin surface. One was submitted to the microshear bond strength (µSBS) test after 24 hours and the other after 6 months of storage in water at 37oC. Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. Bond strength data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell tests for multiple comparisons, and failure modes by the Chi-square test (α = 0.05). Results: The µSBS values obtained to sound dentin were higher compared with those to caries-affected dentin (p≤0.001). In sound dentin, the group with 2% CHX showed lower µSBS values compared with 0% and 1% CHX after 24 hours (p=0.005 and p=0.032 respectively). In caries-affected dentin, after 24 hours, µSBS in group with 1% CHX was statistically higher than the values in groups with 2% CHX after 24 hours (p=0.001) and 1% CHX after 6 months (p=0.024). Irrespective of the condition of substrate, comparisons showed no statistically significant differences between the other groups (p≥0.053). Cohesive in material and mixed failures prevailed for all groups. Conclusions: The addition of CHX at concentrations of up to 2% to the GIC did not affect the bond strength of the material to sound and caries-affected dentin in a long-term evaluation.
References
Alves FB, Hesse D, Lenzi TL, Guglielmi Cde A, Reis A, Loguercio AD, et al. The bonding of glass ionomer cements to caries-affected primary tooth dentin. Pediatr Dent. 2013 Jul-Aug;35(4):320- 4.
Banerjee A, Kellow S, Mannocci F, Cook RJ, Watson TF. An in vitro evaluation of microtensile bond strengths of two adhesive bonding agents to residual dentine after caries removal using three excavation techniques. J Dent. 2010 Jun;38(6):480-9.
Almeida Neves A, Coutinho E, Cardoso MV, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Current concepts and techniques for caries excavation and adhesion to residual dentin. J Adhes Dent. 2011 Feb;13(1):7-22.
Costa AR, Garcia-Godoy F, Correr-Sobrinho L, Naves LZ, Raposo LH, Carvalho FG, et al. Infuence of Different Dentin Substrate (Caries-Affected, Caries-Infected, Sound) on Long-Term μTBS. Braz Dent J. 2017 Jan-Feb;28(1):16-23.
Ngo H. Glass-ionomer cements as restorative and preventive materials. Dent Clin North Am. 2010 Jul;54(3):551-63.
Türkün LS, Türkün M, Ertuğrul F, Ateş M, Brugger S. Long-term antibacterial effects and physical properties of a chlorhexidine-containing glass ionomer cement. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2008;20(1):29-44.
Tüzüner T, Kuşgöz A, Er K, Taşdemir T, Buruk K, Kemer B. Antibacterial activity and physical properties of conventional glass-ionomer cements containing chlorhexidine diacetate/cetrimide mixtures. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2011 Feb;23(1):46-55.
Hoszek A, Ericson D. In vitro fuoride release and the antibacterial effect of glass ionomers containing chlorhexidine gluconate. Oper Dent. 2008 Nov-Dec;33(6):696-701.
Tyas MJ, Burrow MF. Adhesive restorative materials: a review. Aust Dent J. 2004 Sep;49(3):112-21.
Deepalakshmi M, Poorni S, Miglani R, Rajamani I, Ramachandran S. Indian. Evaluation of the antibacterial and physical properties of glass ionomer cements containing chlorhexidine and cetrimide: an in-vitro study. J Dent Res. 2010 Oct-Dec;21(4):552-6
Tenuta LM, Ribeiro CC, Goncalves NC, Del Bel Cury AA, Aires CP, Tengan C, et al. The shortterm in situ model to evaluate the anticariogenic potential of ionomeric materials. J Dent. 2005 Jul;33(6):491-7.
Reis KR, Spyrides GM, Oliveira JA, Jnoub AA, Dias KR, Bonfantes G. Effect of cement type and water storage time on the push-out bond strength of a glass fber post. Braz Dent J. 2011;22(5):359-64.
Colucci V, de Araújo Loiola AB, da Motta DS, do Amaral FL, Pécora JD, Corona SA. Infuence of longterm water storage and thermocycling on shear bond strength of glass-ionomer cement to Er:YAG laser-prepared dentin. J Adhes Dent. 2014 Feb;16(1):35-9.
Sanabe ME, Costa CA, Hebling J. Exposed collagen in aged resin-dentin bonds produced on sound and caries-affected dentin in the presence of chlorhexidine. J Adhes Dent. 2011 Apr;13(2):117-24.
Ricci HA, Scheffel DL, de Souza Costa CA, dos Santos FJ, Jafelicci M Jr, Hebling J. Wettability of chlorhexidine treated non-carious and caries-affected dentin. Aust Dent J. 2014 Mar;59(1):37-42.
Bonifácio CC, Shimaoka AM, de Andrade AP, Raggio DP, van Amerongen WE, de Carvalho RC. Micromechanical bond strength tests for the assessment of the adhesion of GIC to dentine. Acta Odontol Scand. 2012 Dec;70(6):555-63.
Czarnecka B, Deregowska-Nosowicz P, Limanowska-Shaw H, Nicholson JW. Shear bond strengths of glass-ionomer cements to sound and to prepared carious dentine. J Mater Sci: Mater Med. 2007 May;18(5):845-9.
Nicholson JW, Aggarwal A, Czarnecka B, Limanowska-Shaw H. The rate of change of pH of lactic acid exposed to glass-ionomer dental cements. Biomaterials. 2000 Oct;21(19):1989-93.
Lenzi TL, Tedesco TK, Calvo AF, Ricci HA, Hebling J, Raggio DP. Does the method of caries induction infuence the bond strength to dentin of primary teeth? J Adhes Dent. 2014 Aug;16(4):333-8.
Pacheco LF, Banzi EV, Rodrigues E, Soares LE, Pascon FM, Correr-Sobrinho L, et al. Molecular and structural evaluation of dentin caries-like lesions produced by different artifcial models. Braz Dent J. 2013 Nov-Dec;24(6):610-8.
Azevedo ER, Coldebella CR, Zuanon AC. Effect of ultrasonic excitation on the microtensile bond strength of glass ionomer cements to dentin after different water storage times. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2011 Dec;37(12):2133-8.
Takahashi Y, Imazato S, Kaneshiro AV, Ebisu S, Frencken JE, Tay FR. Antibacterial effects and physical properties of glass-ionomer cements containing chlorhexidine for the ART approach. Dent Mat. 2006 Jul;22(7):647-52.
Prabhakar AR, Prahlad D, Kumar SR. Antibacterial activity, fuoride release, and physical properties of an antibiotic-modifed glass ionomer cement. Pediatr Dent. 2013 Sep-Oct;35(5):411-5.
Yesilyurt C, Er K, Tasdemir T, Buruk K, Celik D. Antibacterial activity and physical properties of glassionomer cements containing antibiotics. Oper Dent. 2009 Jan- Feb;34(1):18-23.
Becci ACO, Marti LMM, Zuanon ACC, Brighenti FL, Giro EMA. Infuence of the addition of chlorhexidine diacetate on bond strength of a high-viscosity glass ionomer cement to sound and artifcial caries-affected dentin. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2014;43(1):1-7.
Hebling J, Pashley DH, Tjäderhane L, Tay FR. Chlorhexidine Arrests Subclinical Degradation of Dentin Hybrid Layers in vivo. J Dent Res. 2005 Aug;84(8):741-6.
Tjäderhane L, Nascimento FD, Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Tersariol IL, Geraldeli S, et al. Strategies to prevent hydrolytic degradation of the hybrid layer-A review. Dent Mater. 2013;29(10):999-1011.
Peez R, Frank S. The physical-mechanical performance of the new Ketac Molar Easymix compared to commercially available glass ionomer restoratives. J Dent. 2006 Sep;34(8):582-7.
Choi K, Oshida Y, Platt JA, Cochran MA, Matis BA, Yi K. Microtensile bond strength of glass ionomer cements to artifcially created carious dentin. Dent. 2006 Sep-Oct;31(5):590-7.
Hoshika S, De Munck J, Sano H, Sidhu SK, Van Meerbeek B. Effect of conditioning and aging on the bond strength and interfacial morphology of glass-ionomer cement bonded to dentin. J Adhes Dent. 2015;17(2):141-6.
The Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences uses the Creative Commons license (CC), thus preserving the integrity of the articles in an open access environment.