Abstract
Aim: To investigate the association between obesity, overweight, and tooth loss due to caries among university students of (Federal University of Pelotas) in southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study with all first-year students who regularly enrolled in the first semester of 2016 who were invited to respond to a self-administered questionnaire contain socioeconomic and demographic; psychosocial; oral health; behavioral questions. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated through the self-reported data of weight and height. The main outcome of the present study was determined by the person’s that answer having had at least one tooth extracted due to caries. A Poisson regression using a backward stepwise procedure was performed. Two models were tested: i) including socioeconomic and behavioral variables; ii) without behavioral variables. Results: From 3,237 eligible students, 2,089 (64.5%) participated in the present study. Almost 23% of students presented overweight and 8.4% obesity, whereas 362 individuals (17.5%) reported having had at least one tooth extracted due to caries. Regarding the final model adjusted by behavioral variables, it was observed that obese university students presented a 32.0% higher prevalence of tooth loss (PR=0.32,CI95%[1.17–1.49]). However, overweight was not associated with tooth loss in the present sample. When the model was not associated with behavioral variables, overweight was associated with tooth loss (PR=1.44; CI95%[1.15–1.81]), just as obesity (PR=2.13; CI95%[1.63 – 2.78]). Conclusions: Obesity and overweight were associated with tooth loss due to caries in the present sample of university students.
References
Collaboration NCDRF. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017 Dec 16;390(10113):2627-42. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3.
Falagas ME, Kompoti M. Obesity and infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006 Jul;6(7):438-46. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70523-0.
Peeters A, Barendregt JJ, Willekens F, Mackenbach JP, Al Mamun A, Bonneux L, et al. Obesity in adulthood and its consequences for life expectancy: a life-table analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Jan;138(1):24-32. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00008.
Hayden C, Bowler JO, Chambers S, Freeman R, Humphris G, Richards D, et al. Obesity and dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013 Aug;41(4):289-308. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12014.
World Health Organization. Consideration of the evidence on childhood obesity for the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: report of the Ad hoc Working Group on Science and Evidence for Ending Childhood Obesity. Geneva: WHO; 2016.
Silva AE, Menezes AM, Demarco FF, Vargas-Ferreira F, Peres MA. Obesity and dental caries: systematic review. Rev Saude Publica. 2013 Aug;47(4):799-812. doi: 10.1590/S0034-8910.2013047004608.
Chisini LA, Cademartori MG, Conde MCM, Costa FDS, Salvi LC, Tovo-Rodrigues L, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of taste genes and caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Odontol Scand. 2020 Oct 25;1-9. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1832253.
Peres MA, Sheiham A, Liu P, Demarco FF, Silva AE, Assuncao MC, et al. Sugar consumption and changes in dental caries from childhood to adolescence. J Dent Res. 2016 Apr;95(4):388-94. doi: 10.1177/0022034515625907.
Paisi M, Kay E, Kaimi I, Witton R, Nelder R, Christophi C, et al. Obesity and dental caries in young children in Plymouth, United Kingdom: a spatial analysis. Community Dent Health. 2018 Mar;35(1):58-64. doi: 10.1922/CDH_4214Paisi07.
Paisi M, Kay E, Kaimi I, Witton R, Nelder R, Potterton R, et al. Obesity and caries in four-to-six year old English children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2018 Feb;18(1):267. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5156-8.
Lock NC, Susin C, Brusius CD, Maltz M, Alves LS. Obesity and dental caries among South Brazilian schoolchildren: a 2.5-year longitudinal study. Braz Oral Res. 2019 Jul;33:e056. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0056.
Fernandez MR, Goettems ML, Demarco FF, Correa MB. Is obesity associated to dental caries in Brazilian schoolchildren? Braz Oral Res. 2017 Nov;31:e83. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0083.
Alves LS, Susin C, Dame-Teixeira N, Maltz M. Overweight and obesity are not associated with dental caries among 12-year-old South Brazilian schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013 Jun;41(3):224-31. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12010.
Peltzer K, Pengpid S. The Association of Dietary Behaviors and Physical Activity Levels with General and Central Obesity among ASEAN University Students. AIMS Public Health. 2017 Jun 23;4(3):301-13. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2017.3.301.
Nascimento GG, Leite FR, Conceicao DA, Ferrua CP, Singh A, Demarco FF. Is there a relationship between obesity and tooth loss and edentulism? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016 Jul;17(7):587-98. doi: 10.1111/obr.12418.
Costacurta M, DiRenzo L, Sicuro L, Gratteri S, De Lorenzo A, Docimo R. Dental caries and childhood obesity: analysis of food intakes, lifestyle. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2014 Dec;15(4):343-8.
Alghamdi AA, Almahdy A. Association Between Dental Caries and Body Mass Index in Schoolchildren Aged Between 14 and 16 Years in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Clin Med Res. 2017 Dec;9(12):981-6. doi: 10.14740/jocmr2958w.
Chisini LA, Cademartori MG, Collares K, Tarquinio SBC, Goettems ML, demarco FF, et al. Methods and logistics of an oral health cohort of university students from Pelotas, a Brazilian Southern city. Braz J Oral Sci. 2019;18:e191460. doi: 10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8655316.
Chisini LA, Cademartori MG, Collares K, Pires ALC, Correa MB, demarco FF. Desire of university students for esthetic treatment and tooth bleaching: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Oral Sci. 2019;18:e191648. doi: 10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8657267.
World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva: WHO; 2000.
Luppino FS, de Wit LM, Bouvy PF, Stijnen T, Cuijpers P, Penninx BW, et al. Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;67(3):220-9. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2.
Speed MS, Jefsen OH, Borglum AD, Speed D, Ostergaard SD. Investigating the association between body fat and depression via Mendelian randomization. Transl Psychiatry. 2019 Aug;9(1):184. doi: 10.1038/s41398-019-0516-4.
Tyrrell J, Mulugeta A, Wood AR, Zhou A, Beaumont RN, Tuke MA, et al. Using genetics to understand the causal influence of higher BMI on depression. Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Jun;48(3):834-48. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyy223.
Arora G, Humphris G, Lahti S, Richards D, Freeman R. Depression, drugs and dental anxiety in prisons: A mediation model explaining dental decay experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2020 Jun;48(3):248-55. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12522.
Prpic J, Kuis D, Glazar I, Ribaric SP. Association of obesity with periodontitis, tooth loss and oral hygiene in non-smoking adults. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2013 Dec;21(4):196-201.
Brouns F. Overweight and diabetes prevention: is a low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet recommendable? Eur J Nutr. 2019 Apr;58(3):1339. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01959-w.
Modeer T, Blomberg CC, Wondimu B, Julihn A, Marcus C. Association between obesity, flow rate of whole saliva, and dental caries in adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Dec;18(12):2367-73. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.63.
Zhu Q, Scherer PE. Immunologic and endocrine functions of adipose tissue: implications for kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018 Feb;14(2):105-20. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.157.
Chisini LA, Collares K, Cademartori MG, de Oliveira LJC, Conde MCM, Demarco FF, et al. Restorations in primary teeth: a systematic review on survival and reasons for failures. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018 Mar;28(2):123-39. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12346.
Kantovitz KR, Pascon FM, Rontani RM, Gaviao MB. Obesity and dental caries--A systematic review. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2006;4(2):137-44.
Marshall TA, Eichenberger-Gilmore JM, Broffitt BA, Warren JJ, Levy SM. Dental caries and childhood obesity: roles of diet and socioeconomic status. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007 Dec;35(6):449-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2006.00353.x.
Willerhausen B, Blettner M, Kasaj A, Hohenfellner K. Association between body mass index and dental health in 1,290 children of elementary schools in a German city. Clin Oral Investig. 2007 Sep;11(3):195-200. doi: 10.1007/s00784-007-0103-6.
Pinto A, Kim S, Wadenya R, Rosenberg H. Is there an association between weight and dental caries among pediatric patients in an urban dental school? A correlation study. J Dent Educ. 2007 Nov;71(11):1435-40.
Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Auinger P, Billings RJ, Weitzman M. Caries status and overweight in 2- to 18-year-old US children: findings from national surveys. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008 Apr;36(2):157-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00384.x.
Cereda MA, Faleiros SC, A.Q. O, Pinto GM, Tapia VR, Díaz CS, et al. [Prevalence of Dental decay in elementary school children and association with nutritional status]. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2010 Feb;81(1):28-36. doi: 10.4067/S0370-41062010000100004. Spanish.
Alm A, Fahraeus C, Wendt LK, Koch G, Andersson-Gare B, Birkhed D. Body adiposity status in teenagers and snacking habits in early childhood in relation to approximal caries at 15 years of age. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008 May;18(3):189-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00906.x.
Alm A, Isaksson H, Fahraeus C, Koch G, Andersson-Gare B, Nilsson M, et al. BMI status in Swedish children and young adults in relation to caries prevalence. Swed Dent J. 2011;35(1):1-8.
Bhandari A, Wagner T. Self-reported utilization of health care services: improving measurement and accuracy. Med Care Res Rev. 2006 Apr;63(2):217-35. doi: 10.1177/1077558705285298.
Silva AE, Menezes AM, Assuncao MC, Goncalves H, Demarco FF, Vargas-Ferreira F, et al. Validation of self-reported information on dental caries in a birth cohort at 18 years of age. PLoS One. 2014 Sep 9;9(9):e106382. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106382.
Silva FBD, Chisini LA, Demarco FF, Horta BL, Correa MB. Desire for tooth bleaching and treatment performed in Brazilian adults: findings from a birth cohort. Braz Oral Res. 2018 Mar;32:e12. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0012.
Sherry B, Jefferds ME, Grummer-Strawn LM. Accuracy of adolescent self-report of height and weight in assessing overweight status: a literature review. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Dec;161(12):1154-61. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.161.12.1154.
Maukonen M, Mannisto S, Tolonen H. A comparison of measured versus self-reported anthropometrics for assessing obesity in adults: a literature review. Scand J Public Health. 2018 Jul;46(5):565-79. doi: 10.1177/1403494818761971.
Chisini LA, Conde MC, Correa MB, Dantas RV, Silva AF, Pappen FG, et al. Vital pulp therapies in clinical practice: findings from a survey with dentist in Southern Brazil. Braz Dent J. 2015;26(6):566-71. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440201300409.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2020 Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences