Keywords
COVID-19
Mental disorder
Sleep
Aged
How to Cite
Abstract
Aim: This study determined whether COVID-19 fear is correlated with sociodemographic characteristics, general health, mental health, and sleep quality in an elderly Brazilians. Methods: Elderly people aged ≥ 60 years replied to an online survey containing questions about their sociodemographic characteristics; general health; levels of stress, anxiety, and depression; sleep quality; and COVID fear. Results: Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics (α = 5%). In total, 705 elderly people with mean age of 66 ± 5 years, and most (82.7%) respondents were women, graduated and from southeastern Brazil. COVID-19 fear correlated positively and moderately with sleep quality and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (all p < 0.001). It was associated with females. Elderly people from northern and northeastern Brazil and diabetics had increased COVID-19 fear (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The fear of COVID-19 exists among Brazilian female old people, diabetics, increases anxiety and stress symptoms, and worsen sleep quality in elderly people.
References
Beghi M, Brandolini R, Casolaro I, Beghi E, Cornaggia CM, Fraticelli C, et al. Effects of lockdown on emergency room admissions for psychiatric evaluation: an observational study from the AUSL Romagna, Italy. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2021 Jun;25(2):135-9. doi: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1859120.
Chen S, Li F, Lin C, Han Y, Nie X, Portnoy RN, et al. Challenges and recommendations for mental health providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of China's First University-based mental health team. Global Health. 2020 Jul;16(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00591-2.
Dagli RJ. Increasing immunity to fight against novel COVID-19: Noninvasive Public Health Approach. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020 Apr;10(2):125-6. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_137_20.
Perrin PC, McCabe OL, Everly GS Jr, Links JM. Preparing for an influenza pandemic: mental health considerations. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2009 May-Jun;24(3):223-30. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00006853.
Simpson N, Manber R. Treating Insomnia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations and Perspectives from a Behavioral Sleep Medicine Clinic. Behav Sleep Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;18(4):573-575. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1765781.
World Health Organization. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. WHO; 2017 [cited 2021 Jan 2]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254610.
World Health Organization. The world health report: 2002. Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. WHO; 2002 [cited 2021 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241562072.
Patel V. Mental health in low- and middle-income countries. Br Med Bull. 2007;81-82:81-96. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldm010.
Mukhtar S. Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults: A Cultural Geriatric Mental Health-Care Perspectived. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2020 Aug-Oct;63(6-7):665-7. doi: 10.1080/01634372.2020.1779159.
Picaza Gorrochategi M, Eiguren Munitis A, Dosil Santamaria M, Ozamiz Etxebarria N. Stress, anxiety, and depression in people aged over 60 in the COVID-19 outbreak in a sample collected in northern Spain. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020 Sep;28(9):993-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.022.
Vignola RC, Tucci AM. Adaptation and validation of the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) to Brazilian Portuguese. J Affect Disord. 2014 Feb;155:104-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.031.
Martins BG, Da Silva WR, Maroco J, Campos JADB. Depression, anxiety, and stress scale: Psychometric properties and affectivity prevalence. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2019;68(1):32-41. doi: 10.1590/0047-2085000000222.
Becker NB, de Neves Jesus S. Adaptation of a 3-factor model for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Portuguese older adults. Psychiatry Res. 2017 May;251:298-303. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.033.
Cavalheiro FRS, Sticca MG. Adaptation and Validation of the Brazilian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(2):921-9. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00415-9.
Faro A, Silva LS, Santos DN, Feitosa ALB. Adaptation and validation of The Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Estud Psicol. 2020;39:e200121. doi: 10.1590/1982-0275202239e200121.
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020 Feb;395(10223):507-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020 Mar;395(10229):1054-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.
Schweda A, Weismüller B, Bäuerle A, Dörrie N, Musche V, Fink M, et al. Phenotyping mental health: Age, community size, and depression differently modulate COVID-19-related fear and generalized anxiety. Compr Psychiatry. 2021 Jan;104:152218. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152218.
Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ganz F, Torralba R, Oliveira DV, et al. Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(9):938-47. doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1469-2.
Barros MBA, Lima MG, Malta DC, Szwarcwald CL, Azevedo RCS, Romero D, et al. Report on sadness/depression, nervousness/anxiety and sleep problems in the Brazilian adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2020;29(4):e2020427. doi: 10.1590/s1679-49742020000400018.
Duarte MQ, Santo MAS, Lima CP, Giordani JP, Trentini CM. Covid-19 and the impacts on mental health: a sample from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Cienc Saude Colet. 2020 Sep;25(9):3401-11. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232020259.16472020.
Goularte JF, Serafim SD, Colombo R, Hogg B, Caldieraro MA, Rosa AR. COVID-19 and mental health in Brazil: Psychiatric symptoms in the general population. J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Jan;132:32-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.021.
Bigalke JA, Greenlund IM, Carter JR. Sex differences in self-report anxiety and sleep quality during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Biol Sex Differ. 2020 Oct;11(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13293-020-00333-4.
Fitzpatrick KM, Harris C, Drawve G. Fear of COVID-19 and the mental health consequences in America. Psychol Trauma. 2020 Aug;12(S1):S17-S21. doi: 10.1037/tra0000924.
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). [Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD)]; 2019 [cited 2020 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/busca.html?searchword=pnad. Portuguese.
Lobo A de P, Cardoso-dos-Santos AC, Rocha MS, Pinheiro RS, Bremm JM, Macário EM, et al. COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: Where are we at? Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Aug;97:382-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.044.
Demenech LM, Dumith SC, Vieira MECD, Neiva-Silva L. Income inequality and risk of infection and death by COVID-19 in Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2020;23:e200095. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720200095.
Ruilope LM, Nunes Filho ACB, Nadruz W, Rodríguez Rosales FF, Verdejo-Paris J. Obesity and hypertension in Latin America: Current perspectives. Hipertens Riesgo Vasc. 2018 Apr-Jun;35(2):70-6. doi: 10.1016/j.hipert.2017.12.004.
Buzzachera C, Krause M, Elsangedy H, Hallage T, Granato P, Krinski K, et al. [Prevalence of overweight, general and central obesity in elderly women from Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil]. Rev Nutr. 2008;21(5):525-33. Portuguese. doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732008000500005.
Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar;382(13):1199-207. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.
Zhang J, Dong X, Cao Y, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Yan Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy. 2020 Jul;75(7):1730-41. doi: 10.1111/all.14238.
Yuki K, Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: a review. Clin Immunol. 2020 Jun;215:108427. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108427.
Wu B. Social isolation and loneliness among older adults in the context of COVID-19: a global challenge. Glob Heal Res Policy. 2020 Jun 5;5:27. doi: 10.1186/s41256-020-00154-3.
Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS Coronavirus. J Virol. 2020 Mar 17;94(7):e00127-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20.
Craske MG, Rauch SL, Ursano R, Prenoveau J, Pine DS, Zinbarg RE. What is an anxiety disorder? Depress Anxiety. 2009;26(12):1066-85. doi: 10.1002/da.20633.
Kocevska D, Blanken TF, Van Someren EJW, Rösler L. Sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: not one size fits all. Sleep Med. 2020;76(December 2019):86–8.
Pinto J, van Zeller M, Amorim P, Pimentel A, Dantas P, Eusébio E, et al. Sleep quality in times of Covid-19 pandemic. Sleep Med. 2020 Oct;74:81-5. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.012.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Talita Malini Carletti, Ingrid Andrade Meira, Lorena Tavares Gama, Mariana Marinho Davino de Medeiros, Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti, Renata Cunha Mateus Rodrigues Garcia
Downloads
