Resumo
The complex relations between Christianity and science seem to present a critical point in evolutionary theory, especially for the challenges it poses to the doctrine of original sin. I investigate the precise senses in which evolution threatens (or not) the Augustinian/Reformed formulation of original sin, analyzing each of the six tenets of the doctrine vis a vis nine evolutionary claims, as well as the supposed clash between the narratives of evolution and Christianity. I show that the threat is less impressive than it is usually assumed, and I highlight where the conflict really lies. I defend that it is possible to remain faithful to the core of the doctrine of original sin and to accept the reliability of evolution as a scientific theory. I present three scenarios for “Adam and Eve” and interpret them using two different models. I favor the understanding of Adam and Eve as the whole initial human bottleneck viewed through the lens of a multilevel model.
Referências
BARTHOLOMEW, C., and GOHEEN, M. The Drama of Scripture. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.
BEHE, M. Darwin’s Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution. New York: Free Press, 2006.
CAVANAUGH, W., SMITH, J. Evolution and the Fall. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2017.
CHESTERTON, G. K. All Things Considered. Scotts Valley, CA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 1915.
COLLINS, J. “Adam as Federal Head of Humankind”. In S. Rosenberg (ed.) (2018), pp. 143-159.
COLLINS, R. “Evolution and the Original Sin: The Historical/Ideal View”, BioLogos. accessed April 28, 2019. https://biologos.org/articles/evolution-and-original-sin-the-historical-ideal-view, 2014.
DUNN, J. Romans 1-8 (WBC38A). Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1988.
ENNS, P. The Evolution of Adam: What the Bible Does and Doesn’t Say About Human Origins. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press, 2012.
FALK, D. “Human Origins-The scientific story”. In W. Cavanaugh and J. Smith (eds.) (2017), pp. 3-22.
HAYS, C., HERRING, S. “Adam and the Fall”. In C. Hays and C. Ansberry (eds.) (2013), pp. 24-54.
HAM, K. “Young Earth Creationism”. In J. Stump (ed.) (2017), pp. 17-48.
HARLOW, D. “After Adam: Reading Genesis in an Age of Evolutionary Science”. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 62: 179-95, 2010.
JAEGER, L. “Models of the Fall Including Historical Adam as Ancestor of All Humans: Scientific and Theological Constraints”. Science & Christian Belief 29: 20-36, 2017.
JOHNSON, P. Darwin on Trial. Washington: Regnery Publishing, 1991.
LAMOUREUX, D. “Beyond Original Sin: Is a Theological Paradigm Shift Inevitable?” Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 67: 35-49, 2015.
MCCOY, A. “Becoming Who We are Supposed to Be: An Evaluation of Schneider’s Use of Christian Theology in Conversation with Recent Genetic Science”. Calvin Theological Journal 49: 63-84, 2014.
MIDDLETON, R. “Reading Genesis 3 Attentive to Human Evolution: Beyond Concordism and Non-Overlapping Magisteria”. In W. Cavanaugh and J. Smith (eds.) (2017), pp. 67-97.
Our Faith: Ecumenical Creeds, Reformed Confessions, and Other Resources. Grand Rapids: Faith Alive, 2013.
PINSENT, A. “Augustine, Original Sin, and the Naked Ape”. In S. Rosenberg (ed.) (2018), pp. 130-142.
ROSENBERG, P. Finding Ourselves after Darwin: Conversations on the Image of God, Original Sin, and the Problem of Evil. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2018.
SCHNEIDER, J. “The Fall of the ‘Augustinian Adam’: Original Fragility and Supralapsarian Purpose.” Zygon 47: 949-69, 2012.
SMITH, J. “What Stands on the Fall-A Philosophical Exploration”. In W. Cavanaugh and J. Smith (eds.) (2017), pp. 48-64.
STUMP, J. Four Views on Creation, Evolution and Intelligent Design. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017.
SWAMIDASS, J. S. The Genealogical Adam and Eve: The Surprising Science of Universal Ancestry. Downers Grove: Inter Varsity Press. 2019.
VAN DEN BRINK, Gijsbert. “Questions, Challenges, and Concerns for Original Sin”. In S. Rosenberg (ed.) (2018), pp. 117-129.
VAN DEN BRINK, Gijsbert. Reformed Theology & Evolutionary Theory. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2020.
VAN DEN BRINK, G., DE RIDDER, J., WOUDENBERG, R. “The Epistemic Status of Evolutionary Theory.” Theology and Science 15:4, 454-72, 2017.
VAN DEN TOREN, B. “Original Sin and the Coevolution of Nature and Culture”. In S. Rosenberg (ed.) (2018a), pp. 173-186.
VAN DEN TOREN, B. “Part 2: Original Sin and Evolution.” In S. Rosenberg (ed.) (2018b), pp. 111-116.
VEENHOF, J. Nature and Grace in Herman Bavinck. Translated by Albert M. Wolters. Sioux Center, IA: Dordt College Press. 2006.
VENEMA, D., MCKNIGHT, S. Adam and the Genome. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press , 2017.
WALTON, J. The Lost World of Adam and Eve: Genesis 2-3 and the Human Origins Debate. Downers Grove: Inter Varsity Press . 2015.
WALTON, J., LONGMAN, T. The Lost World of the Flood: Mythology, Theology, and the Deluge Debate. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2018.
WARD, K. God, Faith and the New Millennium: Christian Belief in an Age of Science. Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 1998.
WOOD, T., FALK, D. The Fool and the Heretic: How Two Scientists Moved Beyond Labels to a Christian Dialogue about Creation and Evolution. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Academic, 2019.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Manuscrito: Revista Internacional de Filosofia