Palavras-chave
Realismo estructural óntico
Estructuras
Relaciones
Cúmulos de tropos
Sustratos.
Estructuras
Relaciones
Cúmulos de tropos
Sustratos.
Como Citar
MARAMBIO, José Tomás Alvarado. Estructuras fundamentales concretas. Manuscrito: Revista Internacional de Filosofia, Campinas, SP, v. 42, n. 1, p. 121–168, 2019. Disponível em: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/manuscrito/article/view/8656460. Acesso em: 19 abr. 2024.
Resumo
Varios problemas en la filosofía de la física han llevado al ‘realismo estructural óntico’, esto es, la suposición de que en el nivel físico fundamental no hay ‘objetos’, sino ‘estructuras’. Hay varios requerimientos que una ‘estructura’ debe satisfacer para el ‘realismo estructural óntico’. Las estructuras deben ser entidades concretas, debe haber algo que cumpla las
funciones de ‘nodo’, y las relaciones no deben depender de los objetos que están siendo relacionados. La mayoría de las ontologías tradicionales, tanto de sustratos y propiedades, como de cúmulos de propiedades, parecen ser inadecuadas para satisfacer tales requerimientos. Se argumenta aquí que hay varias formas en que tales requerimientos podrían ser solventados: por relaciones nodales, por ‘hechos nodales’ primitivos y por
dependencias simétricas entre objetos y relaciones.
Referências
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ALEXANDRE GUAY y THOMAS PRADEU (eds.) (2016), Individuals Across the Sciences, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ARISTÓTELES, Categorías. Sobre la interpretación. Introducción, traducción y notas de Jorge Mittelmann. Buenos Aires: Losada, 2009.
ARMSTRONG, D. M. Universals and Scientific Realism, Volume 1, Nominalism and Realism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978a.
ARMSTRONG, D. M. Universals and Scientific Realism, Volume 2, A Theory of Universals, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978b.
ARMSTRONG, D. M. A World of States of Affairs, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
BALAKRISHNAN, R. y RANGANATHAN, K. A Textbook of Graph Theory, New York: Springer, 2012.
BOKULICH, P. y BOKULICH, A. (eds.) (2011), Scientific Structuralism, New York: Springer.
BRICEÑO, S. y MUMFORD, S. “Relations All the Way Down? Against Ontic Structural Realism” en Marmodoro y Yates (2016), 198-217.
BROWER, J. “Aristotelian vs Contemporary Perspectives on Relations” en Marmodoro y Yates (2016), 36-54.
CAO, T. Y. “Can We Dissolve Physical Entities into Mathematical Structure?”, Synthese 136, 57-71, 2003.
CAMPBELL, K. The metaphysic of abstract particulars. Midwest Studies in Philosophy 6, 477-488, 1981.
CAMPBELL, K. Abstract particulars. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.
CHAKRAVARTTY A. The structuralist conception of objects. Philosophy of Science 70, 867-878, 2003.
CORREIA, F. y SCHNIEDER, B. (2012), “Grounding: An Opinionated Introduction” en Fabrice Correia y Benjamin Schnieder (eds.), Metaphysical Grounding. Understanding the Structure of Reality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-36.
COWLING, S. Abstract Entities, London: Routledge, 2017.
DENKEL, A. Object and Property, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. EHRING, D. Tropes. Properties, Objects, and Mental Causation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
ESFELD, M. “Quantum Entanglement and a Metaphysics of Relations”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 35, 601-617, 2004.
ESFELD, M. y LAM, V. “Ontic Structural Realism as a Metaphysics of Objects” en Bokulich y Bokulich (2011), 143-160.
FINE, K. Ontological dependence. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 95, 269-290, 1995.
FRENCH, S. The Structure of the World. Metaphysics and Representation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
FRENCH, S y KRAUSE, D. Identity in Physics: A Historical, Philosophical, and Formal Analysis, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006.
FRENCH, S y LADYMAN, J. “Remodelling Structural Realism: Quantum Physics and the Metaphysics of Structure”, Synthese 136 Nº 1, 31-56, 2003.
FRENCH, S y LADYMAN, J “In Defense of Ontic Structural Realism” en Bokulich y Bokulich (2011), 25-42.
HEIL, J. From an Ontological Point of View, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003.
HEIL, J. The Universe as We Find It, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2012.
HOFFMAN, J. y ROSENKRANTZ, G. S. Substance Among Other Categories, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
HUSSERL ,E. (1900/1901), Investigaciones lógicas, Barcelona: Altaya, 1929. Traducción de la segunda edición alemana de Manuel García Morente y José Gaos.
LADYMAN, J. “What is Structural Realism?”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 29, 409-424, 1998.
LADYMAN, J. “On the Identity and Diversity of Objects in a Structure”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. Supplementary Volume 81, 23-43, 2007.
LADYMAN, J. (2014), “Structural Realism” en Ed Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Disponível em: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/structuralrealism/.
LADYMAN, J. The foundations of structuralism and the metaphysics of relations. En Marmodoro y Yates, 177-197, 2016a.
LADYMAN, J. Are there individuals in physics, and if so, what are they? En Guay y Pradeu, 193-206, 2016b.
LADYMAN, J, ROSS, D., SPURRETT, D. y COLLIER, J. Every Thing Must Go. Metaphysics Naturalized, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
LAM, V. Structuralism in the Philosophy of Physics. Philosophy Compass, doi10.1111/phc3.12421, 2017.
LEWIS, D. On the plurality of worlds. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986.
LOWE, E. J. The four-category ontology. A Metaphysical Foundation for Natural Science, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006.
MARMODORO, A. y YEATS, D. (eds.) (2016), The metaphysics of relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
MARTIN, C. B. Substance substantiated. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 58, 3-10, 1980.
MAURIN, Anna-Sofia. If tropes. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2002.
MCKENZIE, K. Priority and particle physics: ontic structural realism as a fundamentality thesis. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 65, 353-380, 2014.
MERTZ, D. W. Moderate realism and its logic. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
MORGANTI, M. On the preferability of epistemic structural realism. Synthese 142, 81-107, 2004.
O’LEARY-HAWTHORNE, P. y COVER, J. A. A world of universals. Philosophical Studies 91, 205-219, 1998.
PARSONS, C. (1990). The structuralist view of mathematical objects. Synthese 84 Nº 3, 303-346. Reimpreso en W. D. Hart (ed.), The Philosophy of Mathematics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, 272-309. Se utiliza esta última versión.
PSILLOS, S. The structure, the whole structure, and nothing but the structure?. Philosophy of Science 73, 560-570, 2006.
RICKLES, D., French, S. y Saatsi, J. (eds.). The structural foundations of quantum gravity. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006.
ROJAS, I. Ontología cuántica: de los objetos a las estructuras. Tesis de Magister presentada en la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 2017.
SAUNDERS, S. “Are quantum particles objects?”, Analysis 66 Nº 1, 52-63, 2006.
SIMONS, P. (1982). The formalisation of husserl’s theory of wholes and parts. En Barry Smith (ed.), Parts and Moments. Studies in Logic and Formal Ontology. München-Wien: Philosophia Verlag, 113-159.
SIMONS, P. Particulars in particular clothing: three trope theories of substance. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 54, 553-576, 1994.
WILLIAMS, D. C. On the elements of being I. Review of Metaphysics 7, 3-18, 1953a.
WILLIAMS, D. C. On the elements of being II. Review of Metaphysics 7, 171-192, 1953b.
WILLIAMSON, T. Modal logic as metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
WORRALL, J. The best of both worlds?. Dialectica 43, 99- 124, 1989.
ALEXANDRE GUAY y THOMAS PRADEU (eds.) (2016), Individuals Across the Sciences, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ARISTÓTELES, Categorías. Sobre la interpretación. Introducción, traducción y notas de Jorge Mittelmann. Buenos Aires: Losada, 2009.
ARMSTRONG, D. M. Universals and Scientific Realism, Volume 1, Nominalism and Realism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978a.
ARMSTRONG, D. M. Universals and Scientific Realism, Volume 2, A Theory of Universals, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978b.
ARMSTRONG, D. M. A World of States of Affairs, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
BALAKRISHNAN, R. y RANGANATHAN, K. A Textbook of Graph Theory, New York: Springer, 2012.
BOKULICH, P. y BOKULICH, A. (eds.) (2011), Scientific Structuralism, New York: Springer.
BRICEÑO, S. y MUMFORD, S. “Relations All the Way Down? Against Ontic Structural Realism” en Marmodoro y Yates (2016), 198-217.
BROWER, J. “Aristotelian vs Contemporary Perspectives on Relations” en Marmodoro y Yates (2016), 36-54.
CAO, T. Y. “Can We Dissolve Physical Entities into Mathematical Structure?”, Synthese 136, 57-71, 2003.
CAMPBELL, K. The metaphysic of abstract particulars. Midwest Studies in Philosophy 6, 477-488, 1981.
CAMPBELL, K. Abstract particulars. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.
CHAKRAVARTTY A. The structuralist conception of objects. Philosophy of Science 70, 867-878, 2003.
CORREIA, F. y SCHNIEDER, B. (2012), “Grounding: An Opinionated Introduction” en Fabrice Correia y Benjamin Schnieder (eds.), Metaphysical Grounding. Understanding the Structure of Reality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-36.
COWLING, S. Abstract Entities, London: Routledge, 2017.
DENKEL, A. Object and Property, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. EHRING, D. Tropes. Properties, Objects, and Mental Causation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
ESFELD, M. “Quantum Entanglement and a Metaphysics of Relations”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 35, 601-617, 2004.
ESFELD, M. y LAM, V. “Ontic Structural Realism as a Metaphysics of Objects” en Bokulich y Bokulich (2011), 143-160.
FINE, K. Ontological dependence. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 95, 269-290, 1995.
FRENCH, S. The Structure of the World. Metaphysics and Representation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
FRENCH, S y KRAUSE, D. Identity in Physics: A Historical, Philosophical, and Formal Analysis, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006.
FRENCH, S y LADYMAN, J. “Remodelling Structural Realism: Quantum Physics and the Metaphysics of Structure”, Synthese 136 Nº 1, 31-56, 2003.
FRENCH, S y LADYMAN, J “In Defense of Ontic Structural Realism” en Bokulich y Bokulich (2011), 25-42.
HEIL, J. From an Ontological Point of View, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003.
HEIL, J. The Universe as We Find It, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2012.
HOFFMAN, J. y ROSENKRANTZ, G. S. Substance Among Other Categories, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
HUSSERL ,E. (1900/1901), Investigaciones lógicas, Barcelona: Altaya, 1929. Traducción de la segunda edición alemana de Manuel García Morente y José Gaos.
LADYMAN, J. “What is Structural Realism?”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 29, 409-424, 1998.
LADYMAN, J. “On the Identity and Diversity of Objects in a Structure”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. Supplementary Volume 81, 23-43, 2007.
LADYMAN, J. (2014), “Structural Realism” en Ed Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Disponível em: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/structuralrealism/.
LADYMAN, J. The foundations of structuralism and the metaphysics of relations. En Marmodoro y Yates, 177-197, 2016a.
LADYMAN, J. Are there individuals in physics, and if so, what are they? En Guay y Pradeu, 193-206, 2016b.
LADYMAN, J, ROSS, D., SPURRETT, D. y COLLIER, J. Every Thing Must Go. Metaphysics Naturalized, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
LAM, V. Structuralism in the Philosophy of Physics. Philosophy Compass, doi10.1111/phc3.12421, 2017.
LEWIS, D. On the plurality of worlds. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986.
LOWE, E. J. The four-category ontology. A Metaphysical Foundation for Natural Science, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006.
MARMODORO, A. y YEATS, D. (eds.) (2016), The metaphysics of relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
MARTIN, C. B. Substance substantiated. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 58, 3-10, 1980.
MAURIN, Anna-Sofia. If tropes. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2002.
MCKENZIE, K. Priority and particle physics: ontic structural realism as a fundamentality thesis. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 65, 353-380, 2014.
MERTZ, D. W. Moderate realism and its logic. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
MORGANTI, M. On the preferability of epistemic structural realism. Synthese 142, 81-107, 2004.
O’LEARY-HAWTHORNE, P. y COVER, J. A. A world of universals. Philosophical Studies 91, 205-219, 1998.
PARSONS, C. (1990). The structuralist view of mathematical objects. Synthese 84 Nº 3, 303-346. Reimpreso en W. D. Hart (ed.), The Philosophy of Mathematics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, 272-309. Se utiliza esta última versión.
PSILLOS, S. The structure, the whole structure, and nothing but the structure?. Philosophy of Science 73, 560-570, 2006.
RICKLES, D., French, S. y Saatsi, J. (eds.). The structural foundations of quantum gravity. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006.
ROJAS, I. Ontología cuántica: de los objetos a las estructuras. Tesis de Magister presentada en la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 2017.
SAUNDERS, S. “Are quantum particles objects?”, Analysis 66 Nº 1, 52-63, 2006.
SIMONS, P. (1982). The formalisation of husserl’s theory of wholes and parts. En Barry Smith (ed.), Parts and Moments. Studies in Logic and Formal Ontology. München-Wien: Philosophia Verlag, 113-159.
SIMONS, P. Particulars in particular clothing: three trope theories of substance. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 54, 553-576, 1994.
WILLIAMS, D. C. On the elements of being I. Review of Metaphysics 7, 3-18, 1953a.
WILLIAMS, D. C. On the elements of being II. Review of Metaphysics 7, 171-192, 1953b.
WILLIAMSON, T. Modal logic as metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
WORRALL, J. The best of both worlds?. Dialectica 43, 99- 124, 1989.
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