Resumo
En este artículo discutimos las políticas orientadas a la promoción de clusters de ciencia y tecnología. En un cluster en formación vinculado a una universidad pública localizada en el conurbano de Buenos Aires, analizamos dos redes de cooperación desarrolladas bajo esquemas diferentes de políticas: bottom-up (kits diagnósticos para salud humana y animal) y top-down (diseño y caracterización de microdispositivos electrónicos). Adoptamos el enfoque de proximidades que permite caracterizar las tensiones entre oportunismo y encerramiento presentes en estas redes de cooperación. La metodología propuesta nos permite comparar cómo la red enfrenta estas tensiones bajo esquemas diferentes. Los resultados muestran que: ante una proximidad organizacional baja, con alto riesgo de oportunismo (bottom-up), la tendenciaes a compensar con mayor proximidad social y mayor estabilidad a partir de usuarios líderes; y ante una proximidad organizacional y tecnológica alta, con riesgo de encerramiento (top-down), la tendencia es de mayor apertura a nuevos usuarios.
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