Keywords
Funding
Crowdfunding
Logit model
How to Cite
Abstract
Crowdfunding is a collective financing technique, which allows people to pool their resources towards supporting initiatives without needing financial intermediaries. This technique had great impact on gaming industry, allowing projects which mainstream developers had no interest on funding. In this context, it is fitting to investigate what variables are associated to a fundraising’s success, contributing to a still scarce literature on crowdfunding for gaming, especially in Brazil. This study’s goal is evaluating crowdfunding’s selection process for the gaming sector in the platform Kickstarter between 2013 and 2017, investigating factors that allow projects to reach their funding goals at the ending date, making the hypothesis test by a logistic regression. Among results, larger information supply, quality and readiness from the founder, tends towards a successful campaign. This results may assist in formulating future fundraising efforts.
References
ADAMS, C. Crowdfunding guidance and practice: value added co-creation. In: INTERNET, POLITICS AND POLICY (IPP) CONFERENCES, 2014, Oxford. Proceedings... Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute, 2014.
AGRESTI, A. Categorical data analysis. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
AKOBENG, A. K. Understanding diagnostic tests 3: receiver operating characteristic curves. Acta Paediatrica, Oslo, v. 96, n. 5, p. 644-647,
ALEANDRO, G. Infográfico: jogos e quadrinhos ultrapassam R$ 7 milhões arrecadados no Catarse. Catarse, 19 dez. 2017. Disponível em: http://blog.catarse.me/jogos-e-quadrinhos-ultrapassam-r7-milhoes-arrecadados-no-catarse. Acesso em: 2 fev. 2021.
BÖNTE, W.; NIELEN, S. Product innovation, credit constraints, and trade credit: evidence from a cross-country study. Managerial and
Decision Economics, Chichester, v. 32, n. 6, p. 413-424, 2011.
CASTELAR, I. et al. Uma análise dos determinantes de desempenho em concurso público. Economia Aplicada, São Paulo, v. 14, n. 1, p. 81-98, 2010.
CHA, J. Crowdfunding for video games: factors that influence the success of and capital pledged for campaigns. International Journal on Media Management, Switzerland, v. 19, n. 3, p. 240-259, 2017.
CROITORU, A.; SCHUMPETER, J. A. The theory of economic development: an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest and the business cycle. Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology & Sociology, București, v. 3, n. 2, p. 137-148, 2012.
DOAN, A.; RAMAKRISHNAN, R.; HALEVY, A. Y. Crowdsourcing systems on the World-Wide Web. Communications of the ACM, New York, v. 54, n. 4, p. 86-96, 2011.
ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE ASSOCIATION. Essential facts about the computer and video game industry. Massachusetts: ESA, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.theesa.com/esa-research/2017-essential-facts-about-the-computer-and-video-game-industry. Acesso em: 2 fev. 2021.
FAWCETT, T. An introduction to ROC analysis. Pattern Recognition Letters, Amsterdam, v. 27, n. 8, p. 861-874, 2006.
FLEURY, A.; NAKANO, D.; CORDEIRO, J. H. Mapeamento da indústria brasileira e global de jogos digitais. São Paulo: GEDIGames/USP, 2014.
FRITSCH, M. The theory of economic development: an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. Regional
Studies, Oxfordshire, v. 51, n. 4, p. 654-655, 2017.
GREENE, W. Econometric analysis. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2012.
HANLEY, J. A.; MCNEIL, B. J. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology, Easton,
v. 143, n. 1, p. 29-36, 1982.
HEGYI, G.; GARAMSZEGI, L. Z. Using information theory as a substitute for stepwise regression in ecology and behavior. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, New York, v. 65, n. 1, p. 69-76, 2011.
HEMER, J. A snapshot on crowdfunding. Karlsruhe: Enconstor, 2011. (Working Paper, R2/2011).
HU, S. Akaike information criterion. Raleigh: Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, 2007.
KATOS, V. Network intrusion detection: evaluating cluster, discriminant, and logit analysis. Information Sciences, New York, v. 177, n. 15, p. 3060-3073, 2007.
KICKSTARTER. Stats. [S.l.]: Kickstarter, 2017b. Disponível em: https://www.kickstarter.com/help/stats. Acesso em: 18 mar. 2018.
KITTUR, A. et al. Power of the few vs. wisdom of the crowd: Wikipedia and the rise of the bourgeoisie. World Wide Web, Bussum, v. 1, n. 2, p. 1-9, 2007.
KOCH, J. A.; SIERING, M. Crowdfunding success factors: the characteristics of successfully funded projects on crowdfunding platforms. In: EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 23., 2015, Muenster. Proceedings... Muenster: ECIS, 2015.
KOENIG, G. Jettomero: hero of the universe. [S.l.]: Kickstarter, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/765409434/jettomero-hero-of-the-universe. Acesso em: 18 dez. 2017.
LAHM, R. J.; LITTLE, H. T. Bootstrapping business start-ups: entrepreneurship literature, textbooks, and teaching practices versus current business practices? Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, Cullowhee, v. 8, p. 61-73, 2005.
LI, W. et al. A regression model for the spatial distribution of red-crown crane in Yancheng Biosphere Reserve, China. Ecological Modelling, Amsterdam, v. 103, n. 2-3, p. 115-121, 1997.
LIPKIN, N. Examining Indie’s independence: the meaning of “Indie” games, the politics of production, and mainstream co-optation. Loading..., Toronto, v. 7, n. 11, p. 8-24, 2012.
LIU, C. et al. Selecting thresholds of occurrence in the prediction of species distributions. Ecography, Copenhagen, v. 28, n. 3, p. 385-393, 2005.
LONG, J. S.; FREESE, J. Regression models for categorical dependent variables using Stata. Texas: Stata Press, 2014.
MEOLI, A.; MUNARI, F.; BORT, J. The patent paradox in crowdfunding: an empirical analysis of Kickstarter data. Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford, v. 28, n. 5, p. 1321-1341, 2019.
MOLLICK, E. The dynamics of crowdfunding: an exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing, New York, v. 29, n. 1, p. 1-16, 2014.
MOLLICK, E. R.; KUPPUSWAMY, V. After the campaign: outcomes of crowdfunding. Chapel Hill: UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School, 2014. (UNC Kenan-Flagler Research Paper, 2376997).
NEWMAN, J. Videogames. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2013.
NUCCIARELLI, A. et al. From value chains to technological platforms: the effects of crowdfunding in the digital game industry. Journal of Business Research, Athens, v. 78, p. 341-352, 2017.
PERKINS, N. J.; SCHISTERMAN, E. F. The inconsistency of “optimal” cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. American Journal of Epidemiology, Cary, v. 163, n. 7, p. 670-675, 2006.
PINHEIRO, C. M. P.; MULLER, E.; BARTH, M. A tormenta de um crowdfunding de jogo brasileiro. E-Compós, Brasília, v. 17, n. 3, p. 1-16, 2014.
PLANELLS, A. J. Video games and the crowdfunding ideology: from the gamer-buyer to the prosumer-investor. Journal of Consumer Culture, London, v. 17, n. 3, p. 620-638, 2017.
PRAZERES FILHO, J. Capacidade preditiva de Modelos Credit Scoring em inferência dos rejeitados. 2014. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2014.
R CORE TEAM. R version 3.4.3. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.r-project.org. Acesso em: 18 dez. 2017.
R STUDIO. R Studio desktop open source 1.1.383. [S.l.], 2017. Disponível em: https://www.rstudio.com. Acesso em: 18 dez. 2017.
ROBIN, X. pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves. BMC Bioinformatics, London, v. 12, n. 77, 2011.
SCHUMPETER, J. The theory of economic development. Tradução Ursula Backhaus. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008. 37 p.
SCHWIENBACHER, A.; LARRALDE, B. Crowdfunding of small entrepreneurial ventures. SSRN Electronic Journal, Rochester, v. 10, p. 1-23, 2010.
SHTATLAND, E. S.; CAIN, E.; BARTON, M. B. The perils of stepwise logistic regression and how to escape them using information
criteria and the output delivery system. In: ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, 26., 2001, Long Beach. Proceedings... Cary: SAS Institute Inc., 2001. p. 22-25.
SIMON, H. A. Reason in human affairs. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985.
SLAKTER, M. J. A comparison of the Pearson Chi-Square and Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit tests with respect to validity. Journal of the American Statistical Association, Washington, v. 60, n. 311, p. 854-858, 1965.
SMITH, T. J.; MCKENNA, C. M. A comparison of logistic regression pseudo-R2 indices. Multiple Linear Regression Viewpoints, Akron, v. 39, n. 2, p. 17-26, 2013.
SUROWIECKI, J. The wisdom of crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005.
TORRES, D. A. R.; VIEIRA, F. C.; CRUZ, A. C. Sistema financeiro, sistema de inovação e desenvolvimento regional: um estudo sobre relação entre crédito e inovação para os estados da região Sudeste brasileira. Revista de Economia, Curitiba, v. 41, n. 1, p. 95-11, 2017.
TSCHANG, F. T. Balancing the tensions between rationalization and creativity in the video games industry. Organization Science, Linthicum, v. 18, n. 6, p. 989-1005, 2007.
VENABLES, W. N.; RIPLEY, B. D. Modern applied statistics with S. New York: Springer, 2002.
WILLIAMS, D. Structure and competition in the U.S. home video game industry. International Journal on Media Management, London, v. 4, n. 1, p. 41-54, 2002.
X-RATES. X-Rates. [S.l.], 2017. Disponível em: http://www.x-rates. com. Acesso em: 18 mar. 2018.
YOUDEN, W. J. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer, New York, v. 3, n. 1, p. 32-35, 1950.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Revista Brasileira de Inovação
Downloads
