Resumen
En un contexto de redes de producción global, las ciudades son los lugares del proceso de generación de conocimiento, ya que reúnen una variedad de actores y activos necesarios para esta sofisticada actividad. La generación de conocimiento implica la interacción entre muchos actores ubicados dentro de la ciudad, como empresas, universidades y centros de investigación, y también entre actores de diferentes ciudades, constituyendo una forma de red. Sin embargo, no todas las ciudades pueden formar parte de esta red, y la literatura se ha centrado en las ciudades del Norte global y las industrias de alta tecnología. Teniendo en cuenta estos temas, este artículo tiene como objetivo mapear e investigar la red de conocimiento en el segmento de petróleo en alta mar, mostrando si (y cómo) las ciudades del Sur global de países ricos en recursos naturales están incluidas en esta red. El análisis se realiza a nivel de ciudad, destacando las ciudades que aparecen como lugares importantes de generación de conocimiento. Para cumplir con estos objetivos, creamos una base de datos de patentes, desarrollada a partir de patentes otorgadas por la USPTO entre 2007 y 2017, diseñamos una red basada en la ubicación de los inventores y aplicamos el análisis k-core. Descubrimos que Río de Janeiro es la única ciudad de un país del Sur global y rica en recursos naturales, que aparece en las capas más centrales de la red. Identificamos que la inserción de Río de Janeiro se basa en dos grupos de actores que juegan diferentes roles, y que la inserción de la ciudad en la red está altamente influenciada por el NOC local, Petrobras.
Citas
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