Keywords
Happiness
Self concept
Quality of life
How to Cite
Abstract
In recent years, studies investigating psychological states such as happiness in individuals’ health have increased. Aim: This study investigated a possible association between self-perceived oral health and happiness in university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in a cohort of university students who entered in the 2016 academic year at the Federal University of Pelotas, located in southern Brazil. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, including demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, psychosocial traits, and oral health-related questions. Happiness was measured through a question accompanied by the Faces Scale of Andrews and Whitey. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to assess the association between the exposure variables (oral health measures) and the outcome (happiness). Results: The prevalence of happiness was 48.6%. A significant association between happiness and oral health, including satisfaction with dental appearance (PR 1.86; 95% CI 1.73-2.01), oral health-related to quality of life (PR 1.19; 95% CI 1.09-1.31), and halitosis (PR 1.10; 95% CI 1.01-1.20), was found. Conclusion: Individuals who reported dissatisfaction with dental appearance, an impact on oral health-related to quality of life, and halitosis perceived themselves as unhappy.
References
Costa FDS, Costa CDS, Chisini LA, Wendt A, Santos IDSD, Matijasevich A, et al. Socio-economic inequalities in dental pain in children: A birth cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2022 Oct;50(5):360-6. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12660. Epub 2021 Jun 16.
Chisini LA, Sarmento HR, Horta BL, Demarco FF, Correa MB. Normative and subjective need for dental prosthesis: accuracy and agreement in a population based-study. Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Feb;37(2):e0052720. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X0052720.
Costa F, Wendt A, Costa C, Chisini LA, Agostini B, Neves R, et al. Racial and regional inequalities of dental pain in adolescents: Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE), 2009 to 2015. Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Jun;37(6):e00108620. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00108620.
Lopes MP, da Palma PJ, Garcia BC, Gomes C. Training for happiness: the impacts of different positive exercises on hedonism and eudaemonia. Springerplus. 2016 Jun 16;5(1):744. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-2407-y.
Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Sodi T, Toloza S. Happiness and health behaviours among university students from 24 low, middle and high income countries. J Psychol Afr 2017;27(1):61-8. doi: 10.1080/14330237.2016.1219556.
Kyle SD, Beattie L, Spiegelhalder K, Rogers Z, Espie CA. Altered emotion perception in insomnia disorder. Sleep. 2014 Apr;37(4):775-83. doi: 10.5665/sleep.3588.
Liu B, Floud S, Pirie K, Green J, Peto R, Beral V, et al. Does happiness itself directly affect mortality? The prospective UK Million Women Study. Lancet. 2016 Feb;387(10021):874-81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01087-9. Epub 2015 Dec 10.
Liu Y, Zhang N, Bao G, Huang Y, Ji B, Wu Y, et al. Predictors of depressive symptoms in college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Affect Disord. 2019 Feb:244:196-208. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.084. Epub 2018 Oct 6.
WHO. Constitution of the World Health Organization. Basic Documents, 45th edition (Supplement) Geneva: WHO; 2006. .
Medvedev ON, Landhuis CE. Exploring constructs of well-being, happiness and quality of life. PeerJ. 2018 Jun 1:6:e4903. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4903.
Bekhet AK, Zauszniewski JA, Nakhla WE. Happiness: theoretical and empirical considerations. Nurs Forum. 2008 Jan-Mar;43(1):12-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6198.2008.00091.x.
Dumitrescu AL, Kawamura M, Dogaru BC, Dogaru CD. Relation of achievement motives, satisfaction with life, happiness and oral health in Romanian university students. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2010;8(1):15-22.
da Rosa GN, Del Fabro JP, Tomazoni F, Tuchtenhagen S, Alves LS, Ardenghi TM. Association of malocclusion, happiness, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in schoolchildren. J Public Health Dent. 2016 Mar;76(2):85-90. doi: 10.1111/jphd.12111. Epub 2015 Jul 30.
Baldiotti ALP, Amaral-Freitas G, Barbosa MCF, Moreira PR, Machado RA, Coletta RD, et al. Associations between anxiety, depression, chronic pain and oral health-related quality of life, happiness, and polymorphisms in adolescents' genes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb;20(4):3321. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043321.
Tuchtenhagen S, Ortiz FR, Ardenghi TM, Antunes JLF. Oral health and happiness in adolescents: A cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2021 Apr;49(2):176-85. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12589.
Tuchtenhagen S, Bresolin CR, Tomazoni F, da Rosa GN, Del Fabro JP, Mendes FM, et al. The influence of normative and subjective oral health status on schoolchildren's happiness. BMC Oral Health. 2015 Jan:15:15. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-15-15.
Machado Luz FW, Silva AER, Perroni AP, Goettems ML, Boscato N. Impact of seniors centers on oral health-related quality of life of older adults. Rev Saude Publica. 2020 Jan:54:07. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001648.
Limpuangthip N, Somkotra T, Arksornnukit M. Impacts of denture retention and stability on oral health-related quality of life, general health, and happiness in elderly thais. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2019 Jul:2019:3830267. doi: 10.1155/2019/3830267.
Silva RG, Figueiredo-Braga M. Evaluation of the relationships among happiness, stress, anxiety, and depression in pharmacy students. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2018 Jul;10(7):903-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.04.002.
von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg. 2014 Dec;12(12):1495-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013.
Chisini L, Cademartori M, Collares K, Costa F, Azevedo M, demarcro F, et al. Are stress and symptoms of depression associated with halitosis? A cross-sectional study. Braz J Oral Sci. 2021;20:e211322. doi: 10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8661322.
Chisini L, Cademartori M, Collares K, Pires A, Azevedo M, Correa M, et al. Desire of university students for esthetic treatment and tooth bleaching: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Oral Sci. 2019;18:e191648. doi: 10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8657267.
Chisini L, Cademartori M, Collares K, Tarquinio S, Goettems M, Demarcro F, et al. Methods and logistics of an oral health cohort of university students from Pelotas, a Brazilian Southern city. Braz J Oral Sci. 2019;18:e191460. doi: 10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8655316.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Med Care. 2003 Nov;41(11):1284-92. doi: 10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C.
Abegg C, Fontanive VN, Tsakos G, Davoglio RS, de Oliveira MM. Adapting and testing the oral impacts on daily performances among adults and elderly in Brazil. Gerodontology. 2015 Mar;32(1):46-52. doi: 10.1111/ger.12051. Epub 2013 Apr 14.
de Oliveira AS, Dias EM, Contato RG, Berzin F. Prevalence study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder in Brazilian college students. Braz Oral Res. 2006 Jan-Mar;20(1):3-7. doi: 10.1590/s1806-83242006000100002.
Scalco D, Araújo C, Bastos J. [Self-perceived happiness and associated factors in adults in a southern Brazilian city: a population-based study]. Psicol Reflex Crit. 2011;24(4):648-57. Portuguese. doi: 10.1590/S0102-79722011000400004.
Tung YJ, Lo KKH, Ho RCM, Tam WSW. Prevalence of depression among nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2018 Apr:63:119-29. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2018.01.009.
Pacheco JP, Giacomin HT, Tam WW, Ribeiro TB, Arab C, Bezerra IM, et al. Mental health problems among medical students in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz J Psychiatry. 2017 Oct-Dec;39(4):369-78. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2223.
Kye SY, Kwon JH, Park K. Happiness and health behaviors in South Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Epidemiol Health. 2016 May:38:e2016022. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2016022.
Dumitrescu AL. Depression and inflammatory periodontal disease considerations-an interdisciplinary approach. Front Psychol. 2016 Mar:7:347. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00347.
Yoon HS, Kim HY, Patton LL, Chun JH, Bae KH, Lee MO. Happiness, subjective and objective oral health status, and oral health behaviors among Korean elders. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013 Oct;41(5):459-65. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12041.
Newton JT, Subramanian SS, Westland S, Gupta AK, Luo W, Joiner A. The impact of tooth colour on the perceptions of age and social judgements. J Dent. 2021 Sep:112:103771. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103771.
Afroz S, Rathi S, Rajput G, Rahman SA. Dental esthetics and its impact on psycho-social well-being and dental self confidence: a campus based survey of north Indian university students. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2013 Dec;13(4):455-60. doi: 10.1007/s13191-012-0247-1.
Venete A, Trillo-Lumbreras E, Prado-Gasco VJ, Bellot-Arcis C, Almerich-Silla JM, Montiel-Company JM. Relationship between the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics and perfectionism and self-esteem. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017 Dec;9(12):e1453-8. doi: 10.4317/jced.54481.
Karaşar B, Baytemir K. Need for social approval and happiness in college students: the mediation role of social anxiety. Univ J Educ Res. 2018;6(5):919-27. doi: 10.13189/ujer.2018.060513.
Li Y, Allen J, Casillas A. Relating psychological and social factors to academic performance: A longitudinal investigation of high-poverty middle school students. J Adolesc. 2017 Apr:56:179-89. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.02.007.
Colussi PR, Hugo FN, Muniz FW, Rosing CK. Oral health-related quality of life and associated factors in brazilian adolescents. Braz Dent J. 2017 Jan-Feb;28(1):113-20. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440201701098.
Angner E, Ray MN, Saag KG, Allison JJ. Health and happiness among older adults: a community-based study. J Health Psychol. 2009 May;14(4):503-12. doi: 10.1177/1359105309103570.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mariana Gonzalez Cademartori, Sarah Arangurem Karam, Luiz Alexandre Chisini, Kauê Farias Collares, Marina Sousa Azevedo, Flávio Fernando Demarco, Marcos Britto Correa
Downloads
