Keywords
Cleft palate
Polymorphism, genetic
Wnt-5a protein
Metrica
How to Cite
Funding data
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Grant numbers 88887.623694/2021-00
Abstract
Orofacial clefts are anomalies arising from defects during the fusion of the craniofacial processes. Non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOC) is the most frequent malformation in the craniofacial region. Understanding their etiology is a challenge requiring a multidisciplinary approach and deep understanding of environmental and genetic factors. Polymorphic variants in genes linked to craniofacial development emerge as key pieces in this puzzle. Aim: This research aimed to deepen the understanding of the genetic mechanisms of the WNT5A gene in the development of NSOC. Methods: To this end, a broad, comprehensive and updated synthesis of existing literature was carried out, through a narrative literature review. Results: The WNT5A gene plays a crucial role in regulating cellular functions, significantly contributing to the formation and development of labial and palatal structures. It interacts with multiple gene signaling pathways also strongly linked to craniofacial development. Specifically, the SNP rs566926 has been associated with the occurrence of NSOC in various populations. Conclusions: This study reinforces the importance of the WNT5A gene and its polymorphic variant in craniofacial development. Understanding these genetic mechanisms may pave the way for new diagnostic strategies, treatment, and improvement in the quality of life of affected individuals and their families.
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