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A discussão da natureza particular da concorrência bancária é o objeto deste artigo. A abordagem aqui adotada é distinta daquela que predomina na literatura sobre concorrência bancária. A partir de um conceito geral de concorrência capitalista como um processo de luta incessante pela valorização e apropriação da riqueza sob a forma de capital, elabora-se uma definição da concorrência bancária, considerando o papel especial dos bancos na economia capitalista moderna, na qual estas instituições privadas com fins lucrativos são responsáveis pela emissão da moeda e pela intermediação da poupança financeira. A dualidade dos bancos faz com que a concorrência bancária esteja no centro da instabilidade e dinâmica do crédito. Pressionados pela lógica concorrencial, os bancos se comportam de modo a ampliar a instabilidade financeira constitutiva da economia capitalista e a estimular as atividades especulativas nos circuitos financeiros em detrimento da circulação industrial
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss the particular nature of banking competition. Given the particular role that banks perform in the modern capitalist society where money is in fact credit money, special attention is called to the specific nature of banking competition and effects of banks on economic stability. In this kind of economy these profit oriented institutions are, as part of a complex institutional system of payments, responsible for money creation. Due to this fact banks suffer a tight government regulation which tries to reduce competition in order to guarantee the stability of the monetary and credit system. Given the dual and dialectic aspects of banks, banking competition is the core of financial instability and credit dynamics. Having as their main goal the competition, banks act procyclically helping to amplify the capitalist economy instability, and to stimulate financial speculative activities instead of industrial ones where the capitalist economy wealth and material reproduction is created.
Key-words: Banking competition. Financial innovation. Instability. Especulation
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