Palavras-chave
Interpersonal trust
Social cohesion
Economy of crime.
Social cohesion
Economy of crime.
Como Citar
MOREIRA, Gustavo Carvalho; KASSOUF, Ana Lucia; JUSTUS, Marcelo. The role of social capital in the victimization risk against property: evidence from Brazil. Economia e Sociedade, Campinas, SP, v. 28, n. 2, p. 563–585, 2019. Disponível em: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/ecos/article/view/8657012. Acesso em: 24 abr. 2024.
Resumo
The economic model of crime presupposes that individuals evaluate the decision to commit a crime rationally. A more inclusive version of this model would include social capital as a factor influencing criminal activity. The amount of social capital that exists within a group can be used to explain criminal behavior, and an increase in the level of social capital can be a factor capable of preventing crime. This study tests the hypothesis that increasing the level of social capital reduces the risk of victimization against property. Results from variations of an IV-Probit model were used to evaluate data from Latin American Public Opinion Project surveys conducted in Brazil. These results suggest that a higher level of social capital among individuals increases the likelihood that they will cooperate for mutual benefit, such as combating crime.
Referências
AKÇOMAK, I. S.; WEEL, B. T. The impact of social capital on crime: evidence from the Netherlands. Regional Science and Urban Economics, v. 42, n. 1, p. 323-340, 2012.
ARAUJO JR. A.; FAJNZYLBER, P. O que causa a criminalidade violenta no Brasil? Uma análise a partir do modelo econômico do crime: 1981 a 1996. Cedeplar/Face/UFMG, 2001. (Texto para Discussão, n. 162).
BAUMER, E. P. Neighborhood disadvantage and police notification by victims of violence. Criminology, v. 40, n. 1, p. 579-617, 2002.
BEATO, F.; PEIXOTO, B. T.; VIEGAS, M. A. Crime, oportunidade e vitimização. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, v. 19, n. 55, p. 73-89, 2004.
BECKER, G. S. Crime and punishment: an economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, v. 76, n. 2, p. 169-217, 1968.
BERGH, A.; BJØRNSKOV, C. Trust, welfare states and income equality: sorting out the causality. European Journal of Political Economy, v. 35, n. 9, p. 183-199, 2014.
BEUGELSDIJK, S. A note on the theory and measurement of trust in explaining differences in economic growth. Cambridge Journal of Economics, v. 30, n. 5, p. 371-387, 2006.
BLACK, D. J. The behaviour of law. New York: Academic Press, 1976.
BLANCO, L. R. The impact of crime on trust in institutions in Mexico. European Journal of Political Economy, v. 32, n. 12, p. 38-55, 2013.
BLANCO, L. R.; RUIZ, I. The impact of crime and insecurity on trust in democracy and institutions. American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, v. 103, n. 3, p. 284-288, 2013.
BURSIK, R. J.; GRASMICK, H. G. Neighborhoods and crime: the dimensions of effective community control. Lexington Books, 1993. 240p.
CAMERON, A. C.; MILLER, D. L. A practitioner’s guide to cluster-robust inference. Journal of Human Resources, v. 50, n. 2, p. 317-372, 2015.
CAMERON, A. C.; TRIVEDI, P. K. Microeconometrics: methods and applications. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
COHEN, L. E.; KLUEGEL, J. R.; LAND, K. C. Social inequality and predatory criminal victimization: an exposition and test of a formal theory. American Sociologial Review, v. 46, n. 5, p. 505-524, 1981.
CONKLIN, J. E. The impact of crime. New York: Macmillan, 1975. (Discussion Paper).
CORBACHO, A.; PHILIPP, J.; RUIZ-VEGA, M. Crime and erosion of trust: evidence for Latin America. World Development, v. 70, n. 6, p. 400-415, 2014.
CUESTA, J.; ALDA, E.; LAMAS, J. Social capital, violence and public intervention: the case of Cali. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007.
CUESTA, J.; ALDA, E. The effects of trust on victimization in Colombia. Journal of Peace Research, v. 49, n. 6, p. 833-846, 2012.
DEARMON, J.; GRIER, K. Trust and development. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, v. 71, p. 210-220, 2009.
DEARMON, J.; Grier, R. Trust and the accumulation of physical and human capital. European Journal of Political Economy, v. 27, p. 507-519, 2011.
DILULIO, J. Help wanted: economists, crime and public policy. Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 10, n. 1, p. 3-24, 1996.
FUKUYAMA, F. Social capital and civil society. The Institute of Public Policy. George Mason University, 1999.
GAVÍRIA, A.; PAGÉS, C. Patterns of crime victimization in Latin American cities. Journal of Development Economics, v. 67, n. 1, p. 181-203, 2002.
GOMES, F. A. R.; PAZ, L. S. The determinants of criminal victimization in São Paulo State, Brasil. Brazilian Review of Econometrics, v. 28, n. 2, p. 217-238, 2008.
GOTTFREDSON, M. R.; HINDELANG, M. J. A study of the behavior of law. American Sociological Review, v. 44, n. 1, p. 3-18, 1979.
HAUSMAN, J. A. Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica, v. 46, n. 6, p. 1251- 1271, 1978.
JACOBS, J. The life and death of great American cities. Random House, 1961.
JUSTUS, M.; KASSOUF, A. L. Existe explicação econômica para o sub-registro de crimes contra a propriedade? Revista de Economia Aplicada, v. 12, n. 1, p. 5-27, 2008.
JUSTUS, M.; KASSOUF, A. L. Evidence of the effect of wealth observed by criminals on the risk of becoming a victim of property crimes. Economia, Brasília, v. 14, p. 1-14, 2013.
JUSTUS, M.; SCORZAFAVE, L. G.; SANT’ANNA, E. G. Crime and victimization in rural Brazil. In: DONNERMEYER, Joseph F. (Org.). International Handbook of Rural Criminology. Routledge: Taylor & Francis, 2016.
KNACK, S.; KEEFER, P. Does social capital have an economic pay-off? A cross country investigation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, v. 112, p. 1251-1288, 1997.
KNACK, S.; ZAK, P.J. Building trust: public policy, interpersonal trust, and economic development. Supreme Court Economic Review, v. 10, p. 91-107, 2002.
LAPOP. Latin American Public Opinion Project Survey: 2010-2014. Vanderbilt University. Disponível em: http://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop. Acesso em: Oct. 2015.
LEDERMAN, D.; LOAYZA, N.; MENENDEZ, A. M. Violent crime: does social capital matter? Economic Development and Cultural Change, v. 50, n. 3, p. 509-539, 2002.
MADALOZZO, R.; FURTADO, G. M. Um estudo sobre vitimização para a cidade de São Paulo. Revista de Economia Política, v. 31, n. 1, p. 160-180, 2011.
McCARTHY, D. M. P. An economic history of organized crime: a national and transnational approach. Routledge, 2013. 336p.
MENDONÇA, J. C. M.; LOUREIRO, P. R. A.; SACHSIDA, A. Criminalidade e desigualdade social no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Ipea, 2003. (Texto para Discussão, n. 967).
MUHAMMAD, B. Rural crime and rural policing practices (Multicultural law enforcement). Detroit Police Department, 2002.
NORRIS, P. Does television erode social capital? A reply to Putnam. Political Science and Politics, v. 29, n. 3, p. 474-482, 1996.
PAPAGAPITOS, A.; RILEY, R. Social trust and human capital formation. Economics Letters, v. 102, n. 3, p. 158-160, 2009.
PEIXOTO, B.; SOUZA, L. G.; LIMA, R. S. Uma análise sistêmica: vitimização e políticas de segurança em São Paulo. Revista do Serviço Público, v. 63, n. 2, p. 217-236, 2012.
PUTNAM, R. Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton University Press, 1993.
PUTNAM, R. D. Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster, 2001. 544p.
QUDDUS, M.; GOLDSBY, M.; FAROOQUE, M. Trust: the social virtues and the creation of prosperity – a review article. Eastern Economic Journal, v. 26, n. 1, 2000.
RAND, M.; CATALANO, S. Criminal victimization, 2006. Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, Dec. 2007.
ROH, S.; LEE, J. Social capital and crime: a cross-national multilevel study. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, v. 41, n. 1, p. 58-80, 2013.
SARGAN, J. D.; The estimation of economic relationships using instrumental variables. Econometrica, v. 26, n.1, p. 293-415, 1958.
SCORZAFAVE, L. G.; JUSTUS, M.; KASSOUF, A. L. Determinantes da vitimização e do sub-registro de crimes na cidade de São Paulo. CPP-Insper, 2011. 47p. (Relatório de Pesquisa).
SCORZAFAVE, L. G.; JUSTUS, M.; SHIKIDA, P. F. A. Safety in the global south: criminal victimization in Brazilian rural areas. Journal of Rural Studies, v. 39, n. 1, p. 247-261, 2015.
SCORZAFAVE, L. G.; SOARES, M. K. Income inequality and pecuniary crime. Economics Letters, v. 104, n. 1, p. 40-42, 2009.
SEIGEL, L. Journal of Criminology, 10th ed. University of Massachusetts. Thomson Wadsworth, 2006.
TAKAGI, D.; IKEDA, K.; KAWACHI, I. Neighborhood social capital and crime victimization: comparison of spatial regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Social Science & Medicine, v. 75, n. 10, p. 1895-1902, 2012.
USLANER, E. M. The moral foundations of trust. Cambridge University Press, 2002. 316p.
WARNER, B. Directly intervence or call the authorities? A study of forms of neighborhood social control within a social disorganization framework. Criminology, v. 45, n. 1, p. 99-129, 2007.
WISHEIT, R. A.; FALCONE, D. N.; WELLS, L. E. Rural crime and rural policing. National Institute of Justice. Research in Action, 1994.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION – WHO. Global Status Report on Violence Prevention. 2014. 292p.
ZAK, P. J.; KNACK, S. Trust and growth. The Economic Journal, v. 111, n. 4, p. 295-321, 2001.
ARAUJO JR. A.; FAJNZYLBER, P. O que causa a criminalidade violenta no Brasil? Uma análise a partir do modelo econômico do crime: 1981 a 1996. Cedeplar/Face/UFMG, 2001. (Texto para Discussão, n. 162).
BAUMER, E. P. Neighborhood disadvantage and police notification by victims of violence. Criminology, v. 40, n. 1, p. 579-617, 2002.
BEATO, F.; PEIXOTO, B. T.; VIEGAS, M. A. Crime, oportunidade e vitimização. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, v. 19, n. 55, p. 73-89, 2004.
BECKER, G. S. Crime and punishment: an economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, v. 76, n. 2, p. 169-217, 1968.
BERGH, A.; BJØRNSKOV, C. Trust, welfare states and income equality: sorting out the causality. European Journal of Political Economy, v. 35, n. 9, p. 183-199, 2014.
BEUGELSDIJK, S. A note on the theory and measurement of trust in explaining differences in economic growth. Cambridge Journal of Economics, v. 30, n. 5, p. 371-387, 2006.
BLACK, D. J. The behaviour of law. New York: Academic Press, 1976.
BLANCO, L. R. The impact of crime on trust in institutions in Mexico. European Journal of Political Economy, v. 32, n. 12, p. 38-55, 2013.
BLANCO, L. R.; RUIZ, I. The impact of crime and insecurity on trust in democracy and institutions. American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, v. 103, n. 3, p. 284-288, 2013.
BURSIK, R. J.; GRASMICK, H. G. Neighborhoods and crime: the dimensions of effective community control. Lexington Books, 1993. 240p.
CAMERON, A. C.; MILLER, D. L. A practitioner’s guide to cluster-robust inference. Journal of Human Resources, v. 50, n. 2, p. 317-372, 2015.
CAMERON, A. C.; TRIVEDI, P. K. Microeconometrics: methods and applications. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
COHEN, L. E.; KLUEGEL, J. R.; LAND, K. C. Social inequality and predatory criminal victimization: an exposition and test of a formal theory. American Sociologial Review, v. 46, n. 5, p. 505-524, 1981.
CONKLIN, J. E. The impact of crime. New York: Macmillan, 1975. (Discussion Paper).
CORBACHO, A.; PHILIPP, J.; RUIZ-VEGA, M. Crime and erosion of trust: evidence for Latin America. World Development, v. 70, n. 6, p. 400-415, 2014.
CUESTA, J.; ALDA, E.; LAMAS, J. Social capital, violence and public intervention: the case of Cali. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007.
CUESTA, J.; ALDA, E. The effects of trust on victimization in Colombia. Journal of Peace Research, v. 49, n. 6, p. 833-846, 2012.
DEARMON, J.; GRIER, K. Trust and development. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, v. 71, p. 210-220, 2009.
DEARMON, J.; Grier, R. Trust and the accumulation of physical and human capital. European Journal of Political Economy, v. 27, p. 507-519, 2011.
DILULIO, J. Help wanted: economists, crime and public policy. Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 10, n. 1, p. 3-24, 1996.
FUKUYAMA, F. Social capital and civil society. The Institute of Public Policy. George Mason University, 1999.
GAVÍRIA, A.; PAGÉS, C. Patterns of crime victimization in Latin American cities. Journal of Development Economics, v. 67, n. 1, p. 181-203, 2002.
GOMES, F. A. R.; PAZ, L. S. The determinants of criminal victimization in São Paulo State, Brasil. Brazilian Review of Econometrics, v. 28, n. 2, p. 217-238, 2008.
GOTTFREDSON, M. R.; HINDELANG, M. J. A study of the behavior of law. American Sociological Review, v. 44, n. 1, p. 3-18, 1979.
HAUSMAN, J. A. Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica, v. 46, n. 6, p. 1251- 1271, 1978.
JACOBS, J. The life and death of great American cities. Random House, 1961.
JUSTUS, M.; KASSOUF, A. L. Existe explicação econômica para o sub-registro de crimes contra a propriedade? Revista de Economia Aplicada, v. 12, n. 1, p. 5-27, 2008.
JUSTUS, M.; KASSOUF, A. L. Evidence of the effect of wealth observed by criminals on the risk of becoming a victim of property crimes. Economia, Brasília, v. 14, p. 1-14, 2013.
JUSTUS, M.; SCORZAFAVE, L. G.; SANT’ANNA, E. G. Crime and victimization in rural Brazil. In: DONNERMEYER, Joseph F. (Org.). International Handbook of Rural Criminology. Routledge: Taylor & Francis, 2016.
KNACK, S.; KEEFER, P. Does social capital have an economic pay-off? A cross country investigation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, v. 112, p. 1251-1288, 1997.
KNACK, S.; ZAK, P.J. Building trust: public policy, interpersonal trust, and economic development. Supreme Court Economic Review, v. 10, p. 91-107, 2002.
LAPOP. Latin American Public Opinion Project Survey: 2010-2014. Vanderbilt University. Disponível em: http://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop. Acesso em: Oct. 2015.
LEDERMAN, D.; LOAYZA, N.; MENENDEZ, A. M. Violent crime: does social capital matter? Economic Development and Cultural Change, v. 50, n. 3, p. 509-539, 2002.
MADALOZZO, R.; FURTADO, G. M. Um estudo sobre vitimização para a cidade de São Paulo. Revista de Economia Política, v. 31, n. 1, p. 160-180, 2011.
McCARTHY, D. M. P. An economic history of organized crime: a national and transnational approach. Routledge, 2013. 336p.
MENDONÇA, J. C. M.; LOUREIRO, P. R. A.; SACHSIDA, A. Criminalidade e desigualdade social no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Ipea, 2003. (Texto para Discussão, n. 967).
MUHAMMAD, B. Rural crime and rural policing practices (Multicultural law enforcement). Detroit Police Department, 2002.
NORRIS, P. Does television erode social capital? A reply to Putnam. Political Science and Politics, v. 29, n. 3, p. 474-482, 1996.
PAPAGAPITOS, A.; RILEY, R. Social trust and human capital formation. Economics Letters, v. 102, n. 3, p. 158-160, 2009.
PEIXOTO, B.; SOUZA, L. G.; LIMA, R. S. Uma análise sistêmica: vitimização e políticas de segurança em São Paulo. Revista do Serviço Público, v. 63, n. 2, p. 217-236, 2012.
PUTNAM, R. Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton University Press, 1993.
PUTNAM, R. D. Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster, 2001. 544p.
QUDDUS, M.; GOLDSBY, M.; FAROOQUE, M. Trust: the social virtues and the creation of prosperity – a review article. Eastern Economic Journal, v. 26, n. 1, 2000.
RAND, M.; CATALANO, S. Criminal victimization, 2006. Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, Dec. 2007.
ROH, S.; LEE, J. Social capital and crime: a cross-national multilevel study. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, v. 41, n. 1, p. 58-80, 2013.
SARGAN, J. D.; The estimation of economic relationships using instrumental variables. Econometrica, v. 26, n.1, p. 293-415, 1958.
SCORZAFAVE, L. G.; JUSTUS, M.; KASSOUF, A. L. Determinantes da vitimização e do sub-registro de crimes na cidade de São Paulo. CPP-Insper, 2011. 47p. (Relatório de Pesquisa).
SCORZAFAVE, L. G.; JUSTUS, M.; SHIKIDA, P. F. A. Safety in the global south: criminal victimization in Brazilian rural areas. Journal of Rural Studies, v. 39, n. 1, p. 247-261, 2015.
SCORZAFAVE, L. G.; SOARES, M. K. Income inequality and pecuniary crime. Economics Letters, v. 104, n. 1, p. 40-42, 2009.
SEIGEL, L. Journal of Criminology, 10th ed. University of Massachusetts. Thomson Wadsworth, 2006.
TAKAGI, D.; IKEDA, K.; KAWACHI, I. Neighborhood social capital and crime victimization: comparison of spatial regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Social Science & Medicine, v. 75, n. 10, p. 1895-1902, 2012.
USLANER, E. M. The moral foundations of trust. Cambridge University Press, 2002. 316p.
WARNER, B. Directly intervence or call the authorities? A study of forms of neighborhood social control within a social disorganization framework. Criminology, v. 45, n. 1, p. 99-129, 2007.
WISHEIT, R. A.; FALCONE, D. N.; WELLS, L. E. Rural crime and rural policing. National Institute of Justice. Research in Action, 1994.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION – WHO. Global Status Report on Violence Prevention. 2014. 292p.
ZAK, P. J.; KNACK, S. Trust and growth. The Economic Journal, v. 111, n. 4, p. 295-321, 2001.
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