Resumo
Estudos sobre línguas amazônicas individuais mostram que essas línguas podem contribuir para o nosso conhecimento teórico em torno às teorias de construções condicionais contrafactuais. Ainda falta, no entanto, uma tentativa de explorar essa complexa construção de sentenças em diferentes unidades genéticas da Amazônia em um estudo específico. O artigo explora os condicionais contrafactuais considerando uma amostra de 24 línguas amazônicas. Atenção especial é dada à série de marcadores TAM e dispositivos de ligação de cláusulas usados em condicionais contrafactuais nas línguas amazônicas consideradas na amostra. Quanto aos marcadores TAM, mostra-se que a prótase tende a ser não marcada (não ocorre com nenhum valor de TAM), e a apódose tende a ocorrer com marcação irrealis ou frustrativo. Quanto aos dispositivos de ligação de cláusulas, mostra-se que a maioria das línguas amazônicas da amostra contém condicionais contrafactuais que ocorrem com dispositivos de ligação de cláusulas não especializados. Isto significa que a distinção entre condicionais contrafactuais e outros tipos de condicionais (por exemplo, reais/genéricos) não está gramaticalizada em dispositivos de ligação de cláusulas. Em vez disso, o significado condicional contrafactual reside na combinação de marcadores TAM específicos. O artigo também presta muita atenção à distribuição de marcadores TAM e dispositivos de ligação oracional em construções condicionais contrafactuais em línguas da região do Vaupés. Em particular, é dada especial atenção à forma como a construção condicional contrafactual da língua Tariana foi moldada a partir das línguas tucano devido ao contato linguístico.
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