Keywords
Pottery
Gender
Performance
Mortuary contexts
How to Cite
Abstract
Although in recent decades the theme of Gender has gained space in Brazilian archeology and funerary contexts have been privileged to expand such discussions about the pre-colonial past, there are few reflections that manage to create inferences that go beyond the sexual dimorphism of the skeletal remnants. This article aims to present a reflection about gender as a performance and how it becomes relevant to inferences who break with biological and binary paradigms. In the following, a brief overview of Gender and Archeology is presented, going through some case studies that sought to go beyond sex in studies with ceramic vessels and their relationship with mortuary data and, finally, ethnographic examples that elucidate and guide them to think about the gender diversity that exists in Amerindian groups.
References
ADOVASIO, James; SOFFER, Olga; PAGE, Jake. O sexo invisível: o verdadeiro papel das mulheres na Pré-História. Ed. Record, Rio de Janeiro, 2009.
ALBERTI, Benjamín. Los cuerpos en Prehistória: Más allá de la división entre sexo/género. Revista do Museo de Arqueologia e Etnologia, v. 3, p. 57-67, 1999.
ALBERTI, Benjamin. Queer prehistory: bodies, performativity and matter. In. BOLGER, D. (Org.). A companion to gender prehistory, John Wiley & Sons, p. 86-107, 2013.
ALBERTI, Benjamin. Designing Body-Pots in the Formative La Candelaria, Northwest Argentina. In. HALLAM, E.; INGOLD, T. (Ed.). Making and Growing: Anthropological Studies of Organisms and Artefacts. Routledge, 2016.
BARRETO, Cristiana Nunes Galvão de Barros. Le symbolisme sexuel et les femmes dans l’art de l’Amazonie ancienne: figurines et tangas de Marajó. Kaos, Parcours des Mondes, Paris, v. 3, p. 72-83, 2003.
BARRETO, Cristiana Nunes Galvão de Barros. Meios místicos de reprodução social: arte e estilo na cerâmica funerária da Amazônia antiga. Tese de Doutorado (MAE/USP), São Paulo, 2008.
BARRETO, Cristiana Nunes Galvão de Barros. Modos de figurar o corpo na Amazônia pré-colonial. In, Antes de Orellana: Actas del 3er Encuentro Internacional de Arqueología Amazónica. Quito: Instituto Francês de Estudios Andinos/Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales/Embajada de EEUU, p. 123-131, 2014.
BARRETO, Cristiana Nunes Galvão de Barros; OLIVEIRA, Erêndira. Para além de Potes e Panelas: cerâmica e ritual na Amazônia antiga. Revista Habitus, v. 14, n. 1, p. 51-72, 2016.
BEAUVOIR, Simone de. O segundo sexo (1949). Ed. Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro 1980.
BERROCAL, María Cruz; Feminismo, teoría y práctica de una arqueología científica; Trabajos de Prehistoria, Madrid: CSIC. Volume 62, n. 2, p. 25-43, 2009.
BUTLER, Judith. Performative acts and gender constitution: An essay in phenomenology and feminist theory. Theatre journal, v. 40, n. 4, p. 519-531, 1988.
BUTLER, Judith. Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. Ed. Routledge, New York, 1990.
BUTLER, Judith. Bodies that matter: on the discursive limits of “sex”. Roudedge, New York, 1993.
CALLENDER, Charles; KOCHEMS, Lee. The North American Berdache; Current Anthropology, Vol. 24, No. 4. August-October, 1983.
CLAASSEN, Cheryl (Ed.). Exploring Gender through Archaeology: Selected Papers from the 1991 Boone Conference. Prehistory Press, 1992.
CONKEY, Margaret; SPECTOR, Janet. Archaeology and the Study of Gender. In SCHIFFER, Michal Brian (Ed.); Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory. Nova York: Academic Press. n. 7, p. 1-38, 1984.
DOBRES, Marcia-Anne. Archaeologies of technology. Cambridge Journal of Economics, v. 34, n. 1, p. 103-114, 2010.
FERNANDES, Estevão Rafael. Decolonizando sexualidades: Enquadramentos coloniais e homossexualidade indígena no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Tese de Doutorado (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais, UNB), Brasília, 2015.
GELLER, Pamela. Identity and difference: complicating gender in archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology, v. 38, p. 65-81, 2009.
GILCHRIST, Roberta. The Archaeology of Sex and Gender; in CUNLIFFE, B.; GOSDEN, C.; JOYCE, R.; The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology; Oxford University Press, 1029-47, 2009.
GONTIJO, Fabiano de Souza; SCHAAN, Denise Pahl. Sexualidade e Teoria Queer. Revista de Arqueologia; v. 30, n. 2, p. 51-70, 2017.
GOSSELAIN, Olivier. In pots we trust: the processing of clay and symbols in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of material culture, v. 4, n. 2, p. 205-230, 1999.
HEMMILÄ, Anita. Ancestors of two-spirits: representations of native American third-gender males in historical documentation: a critical discourse analysis in anthropology. Tese (Univsersity of Jyväskylä), 2005.
HODDER, Ian. Symbols in action: ethnoarchaeological studies of material culture. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
HOLLIMON, Sandra. Sex, gender and health among the Chumash: an archaeological examination of prehistoric gender roles. Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology, v. 9, n. 205208, p. 173188, 1996.
HOLLIMON, Sandra. The archaeology of nonbinary genders in Native North American Societies. In. NELSON, S. M. (org). Handbook of gender in archaeology. Lanham, MD: AltaMira. p. 435-450, 2006.
DEVORE, Irven; LEE, Richard (Ed.). Man the hunter. Aldine Publishing Company, 1968.
LIMA, Danúbia Valéria Rodrigues de. Sobre Morte e Gênero: uma análise dos papéis de gênero no contexto funerário dos Sítios Justino-SE e Furna do Estrago-PE; Dissertação (PPGArqueologia/UFPE), Recife, 2012.
MARSHALL, Yvonne. Archaeological possibilities for feminist theories of transition and transformation. Feminist Theory, v. 9, n. 1, p. 25-45, 2008.
MELATTI, Julio Cezar. índios do Brasil. Edusp, 2007.
MILLER, Daniel. Materiality: an introduction. In. MILLER, Daniel; MESKELL, Lynn; MYERS, Fred; ENGELKE, Matthew (org). Materiality. Duke University Press, 2005.
OLIVEIRA, Lucas; KLOKLER, Daniela. Bodies, Offerings, Rituals and Genders at the Justino, Lower São Francisco. Revista Habitus - Revista do Instituto Goiano de Pré-História e Antropologia, Goiânia, v. 16, n. 1, p. 103-124, jun. 2018. ISSN 1983-7798
PEARSON, Michael Parker. The Archaeology of Death and Burial; Texas A&M University Press, College Station, USA, 1999.
LEMONNIER, Pierre. Mundane objects: Materiality and non-verbal communication. Routledge, 2016.
RIBEIRO, Loredana; FORMADO, Bruno Sanches Ranzani Da Silva; SCHIMIDT, Sarah; PASSOS, Lara. A saia justa da Arqueologia Brasileira: mulheres e feminismos em apuro bibliográfico. Revista Estudos Feministas, v. 25, n. 3, p. 1093-1110, 2017.
RIBEIRO, Loredana. Crítica feminista, arqueologia e descolonialidade; Revista de Arqueologia, v. 30, p. 210-234, 2017.
ROSCOE, Will. The Zuni man-woman. UNM Press, 1991.
SCHAAN, Denise Pahl. Estatuetas antropomorfas marajoara: o simbolismo de identidades de gênero em uma sociedade complexa amazônica. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, v. 17, n. 2, 2001.
SCHAAN, Denise Pahl, Denise Pahl. A ceramista, seu pote e sua tanga. Revista de arqueologia, v. 16, n. 1, p. 31-45, 2003.
SILVA, Sergio Francisco Serafim Monteiro da; CASTRO, Viviane Maria Cavalcanti de; LIMA, Danúbia Valéria Rodrigues da. Considerações sobre as arqueologias da corporeidade e da sexualidade; Clio. Série Arqueológica (UFPE), v. 26, p. 49/1-91, 2013.
SØRENSE, Marie Louise. The Interconnection of Age Gender: a Bronze Age Perspective; EAZ, Ethnog. Archaol.; 45 (2): 327-338, 2004.
UNDERHILL, Ruth Murray. Red Man's Religion: Beliefs and Practices of the Indians North of Mexico. University of Chicago Press, 1965.
WATSON, Patty Jo; KENNEDY, Mary. The development of horticulture in the eastern woodlands of North America: Women's role. In. GERO, Joan M.; CONKEY, Margaret Wright; BLACKWELL, B. H. (Ed.). Engendering archaeology: women and prehistory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991.
WICHERS, Camila Azevedo de Moraes. Narrativas arqueológicas e museológicas sob rasura: provocações feministas. Revista de Arqueologia, Belém, v. 30, n. 2, p. 35-50, 2017.
WILLIAMS, Walter. The Berdache Tradition. 2010. Disponível em: http://crl. ucsd. edu/~ elman/Courses/HDP1/2000/LectureNotes/williams.pdf. Acesso em: 30 de abril de 2020.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Arqueologia Pública
Downloads
