Abstract
This paper aims to discuss on the characteristics of international R&D in emerging countries from transnational corporations and host countries points of view. The paper also makes a special mention to the Brazilian case. The traditional motivations to explain transnational innovation from the home-base view had to be enlarged to understand the new geography towards emerging countries. Under a host-base view, the main motivations to international R&D in these countries are the size of the markets, the specificities of their demands, a less relative cost for innovation and a high level of qualification of their technological resources. Some indicators present Brazil as a net receiver of foreign R&D investment, although in a assimetric way across industries and technologies. The Brazilian potential to be exploited could be a source for local capacitation, which should combine internal and external efforts with public policies for the absorption of knowledge.References
ARCHIBUGI;,D.; IAMMARINO, S. The globalization of technological innovation: definition and evidence. Review of International Political Economy, v. 9, n. 1, p. 98-122, 2002.
ASHEIM, B.; VANG, J. Regional innovation systems in Asian countries: a new way of exploiting the benefits of transnational corporations. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, v, 8, n. 1-2, p. 27-44, 2006.
ATHUKORALA, P.; KOHPAIBOON, A. Globalization of R&D by US-based multinational enterprises. Research Policy, v. 39, n. 10, p. 1335-1347, 2010.
BAARK, E.; LAU, K. W.; LO, W.; SHARIF, N. Innovation sources, capabilities and competitiveness: evidence from Hong-Kong firms. In: DIME FINAL CONFERENCE. Maastricht, 6-8 April 2011.
BAREFOOT, K. B. U.S. multinational companies. Operations of U.S. parents and their foreign affiliates in 2010. Bureau of Economic Analysis. November 2012.
BEHRENS, J. H. Opportunities for- and configuration of foreign innovation: a case study of multinational companies in China. Journal of Business Chemistry, v. 9, n. 2, p. 85-104, 2012.
BELL, M.; PAVITT, K. The development of technological capabilities, In: HAQUE, I. U. (Ed.). Trade, technology and international competitiveness. Washington, D.C.: Economic Development Institute of the World Bank, 1995, p. 69-101.
Motivações do P&D transnacional no Brasil e efeitos locais de absorção de conhecimento 436 Rev. Bras. Inov., Campinas (SP), 14 (2), p. 415-442, julho/dezembro 2015 Rev. Bras. Inov., Campinas (SP), 14 (2), p. 415-442, julho/dezembro 2015 437
BERGUER, M.; REVILLA-DIEZ, J. Can host innovation systems in late industrializing countries benefit from the presence of transnational corporations? Insights from Thailand’s manufacturing industry. European Planning Studies, v. 16, n. 8, p. 1047-1074, 2008.
BUCKLEY, P. J. The rise of the Japanese multinational enterprise: then and now. Asia Pacific Business Review, v. 15, n. 3, p. 309-321, 2009.
CANTWELL, J. The internationalization of technological activity and its implications for competitiveness. In: GRANSTRAND, O.; HAKANSON, L.; SJOLANDER, S. (Eds.). Technology management in international business. New York: Ed. Wiley, 1992, p. 75-95.
CANTWELL, J. The globalisation of technology: what remains of the product cycle model. Cambridge Journal of Economics, v. 19, n. 1, p. 155-74, 1995.
CANTWELL, J.; IAMMARINO, S. MNCs, technological innovation and regional systems in the EU: some evidence in the Italian case. International Journal of the Economics of Business, v. 5, n. 3, p. 383-408, 1998.
CASTELLANI, D.; ZANFEI, A. Multinational growth and the creation of linkages with local firms. Evidence from the electronics industry. In: IRD&P WORKSHOP ON THE ECONOMICS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: MICRO-FOUNDATIONS AND POLICY. Italy: University of Urbino, 5-6 June 1998.
CHEN, E. K. Y. Multinational corporations and technology diffusion in Hong Kong manufacturing. Applied Economics, v. 15, n. 3, p. 309-321, 1983.
CHEN, E. K. Y. The upgrading of multinational. Regional innovation networks in China. Asia Pacific Business Review, v. 13, n. 3, p. 373-403, 2007.
CRISCUOLO, P.; NARULA, R.; VERSPAGEN, B. Role of home and host country innovation systems in R&D internationalization: a patent citation analysis. Economics of Innovation and Technology, v. 14, n. 5, p. 417-433, 2005.
CUNHA, S. F.; MIRANDA, P. A. Internacionalização da P&D e os países em desenvolvimento: uma análise do período 1989-2008. In: XVI ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ECONOMIA. Uberlândia: Anpec, 2011.
DUNNING, J. H. The global economy, domestic governance, strategies and transnational corporations: interactions and policy implications. Transnational Corporations, v. 1, n. 3, p. 7-45, 1992.
DUNNING, J. H. Multinational enterprises and the globalization of innovatory capacity. Research Policy, v. 23, n. 1, p. 67-89, 1994.
DUNNING, J. H.; CANTWELL, J. The changing role of multinational enterprises in the creation and diffusion of technology. In: CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION DIFFUSION. Venice: March 1986.
DUNNING, J. H.; NARULA, R. The R&D activities of foreign firms in the United States. International Studies of Management &Organization, v, 25, n. 1-2, p. 39-73, 1995.
ERNST, D. Global production networks and the changing geography of innovation systems. Implications for developing countries. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, v. 11, n. 6, p. 497-523, 2002.
ERNST, D. Innovation offshoring: Asia’s emerging role in global innovation networks. Honolulu: East-West Center, 2006 (East-West Center Special Report, number 10).
FILIPPAIOS, F.; PAPANASTASSIOU, M.; PEARCE, R.; RAMA, R. New forms of organisation and R&D internationalisation among the world’s 100 largest food and beverages multinationals. Research Policy, n. 38, p. 1032-1043, 2009.
FORSGREN, M.; JOHANSON, J. Managing in international multi-centre firms. In: FORSGREN, M.; JOHANSON, J. (Eds.). Managing networks in international business. Philadelphia: Ed. Gordon & Breach, 1992.
FREEMAN, C.; PÉREZ, C. Structural crises of adjustment: business cycles and investment behavior. In: DOSI, G.; FREEMAN, C.; NELSON, R. R. (Eds.). Technical change and economic theory. London: Pinter Publishers. London, 1988, p. 38-66.
GACHINO, G. G. Technological spillovers from multinational presence: towards a conceptual framework. Progress in Development Studies, v. 10, n. 3, p. 193-210, 2010.
GASSLER, H.; NONES, B. Internationalisation of R&D and embeddedness: the case of Austria. Journal of Technology Transfer, n. 33, p. 407-421, 2008.
GHOSHAL, S.; BARTLETT, C. A. Building the entrepreneurial corporation: new organizational processes, new managerial tasks. European Management Journal, v. 13, n. 2, p. 139-55, 1995.
GHOSHAL, S. The multinational corporation as an inter-organisational network. Academy of Management Review, v. 15, n. 4, p. 603-25, 1990.
GILMAN, D. The new geography of global innovation. New York: The Global Markets Institute, The Goldman Sachs Group, 2010.
GIROUD, A.; MIRZA, H. Multinational enterprise policies towards international intrafirm. Technology transfer: the case of Japanese manufacturing firms in Asia. East Asia, v. 23, n. 4, p. 3-21, 2006.
GULBRANDSEN, M.; GODOE, H. We really don’t want to move, but: identity and strategy in the internationalization of industrial R&D. Journal of Technology Transfer, n. 33, p. 379-392, 2008.
HIRSCHEY, R. C.; CAVES, R. E. Internationalisation of research and transfer of technology by multinational enterprises. Oxford Bulletin of Economic and Statistics, v. 42, n. 2, p. 115-130, 1981.
KAPLER, J. K. The theory of the firm, the theory of competition and the transnational corporation. Competition & Change, v, 11, n. 4, p. 287-306, 2007.
KENNEY, M.; MASSINI, S.; MURTHA, T. P. Off-shoring administrative and technical work: new fields for understanding the global enterprise introduction. Journal of International Business Studies, v. 40, n. 6, p. 887-900, 2009.
KUEMMERLE, W. The drivers of foreign direct investment into research and development: an empirical investigation. Journal of International Business Studies, v. 30, n. 1, p. 1-24, 1999.
KUMAR, N. Determinants of location of overseas R&D activity of multinational enterprises: the case of US and Japanese corporations. Research Policy, v. 30, n. 1, p. 159-174, 2001.
KUMAR, N. Intellectual property protection, market orientation and location of overseas R&D activities by multinational enterprises. World Development, v. 24, n. 4, p. 673-688, 1996.
LALL, S. Technological capabilities and industrialization. World Development, v. 20, n. 2, p. 165-186, 1992.
LALL, S. Technological change and industrialization in the Asian newly industrializing economies: achievements and challenges. In: KIM, L.; NELSON, R. R. (Eds.). Technology, learning, & innovation – experiences of newly industrializing economies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
LEMI, A. Internationalization of R&D: industry-level analysis of United States transnational corporations’ affiliates in developing and developed countries. Transnational Corporations, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-34, 2010.
LEWIN, A. Y.; MASSINI, S.; PEETERS, C. Why are companies offshoring innovation? The emerging global race. Journal of International Business Studies, v. 40, n. 6, p. 901-925, 2009.
LÖÖF, H. Multinational enterprises and innovation: firm level evidence on spillover via R&D collaboration. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, v. 19, n. 1, p. 41-71, 2009.
LUNDVALL, B. A. National Systems of Innovation: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London: Frances Pinter Publishers, 1992.
MAEHLER A. E.; MARQUES CURADO, C. M.; ÁVILA PEDROZO, E.; PIRES, J. P. Knowledge transfer and innovation in Brazilian multinational companies. Journal of Technology Managment Innovation, v. 6, n. 4, p. 1-13, 2011.
MEYER-KRAHMER, F.; REGER, G. New perspectives on the innovation strategies of multinational enterprises: lessons for technology policy in Europe. Research Policy, v. 28, n. 7, p. 751-776, 1999.
MURTHA, T. P.; LENWAY, S. A.; HART, J. A. Managing new industry creation: global knowledge formation and entrepreneurship in high technology. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 2001.
ODAGIRI, H.; YASUDA, H. The determinants of overseas R&D by Japanese firms: an empirical study at the industry and company levels. Research Policy, v. 25, n. 7, p. 1059-1079, 1996.
OECD. The internationalization of business R&D: evidence, impacts and implications. Paris, 2008.
PAPANASTASSIOU, M.; PEARCE, R. Decentralisation of technology and organisational restructuring in the multinational enterprise group. In: EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ACADEMY, 21ST ANNUAL CONFERENCE. Urbino, December 1995.
PAPANASTASSIOU, M. Individualism and interdependence in the technological development of MNEs: the strategic positioning of R&D in overseas subsidiaries. In: BIRKINSHAW, J.; HOOD, N. (Eds.). Multinational corporate evolution and subsidiary development. London: The MacMillan Press Ltd., 1998.
PEARCE, R. World product mandates and multinational enterprise specialization. Scandinavian International Business Review, v. 1, n. 2, p. 38-58, 1992.
PÉREZ, C. Una visión para América Latina: dinamismo tecnológico e inclusión social mediante una estrategia basada en los recursos naturales. 2008 (Globelics working papers series, n. 2008-04).
RAY, P. K. FDI and industrial organization in developing countries: the challenges of globalization in India. Aldershot: Ed. Ashgate, 2005.
REDDY, P. Implications for innovation capability in host countries. Globalization of Corporate R&D. Oxfordshire, UK: Ed Taylor & Francis LTD Books, 2000, p. 157-168.
ROCHA, C. F.; URRACA-RUIZ, A. Internacionalização da P&D das empresas transnacionais: especialização produtiva nacional e competências tecnológicas. Economia e Sociedade, v. 11, n. 1, p. 165-183, 2002.
ROCHA, C. F. The role of the network coordinator in the attraction of foreign investments in R&D: the case of the Brazilian oil and gas industry. Transnational Corporations, v. 20, n. 3, p. 1-28, 2011.
SALAMI, R.; SOLTANZADEH, J. Comparative analysis for science, technology and innovation policy; lessons learned from some selected countries (Brazil, India, China, South Korea and South Africa) for other LdCslike Iran. Journal of Technology Management Innovation, v. 7, n. 1, p. 211-227, 2012.
TEECE, D. J.; RUMELT, R.; DOSI, G. Understanding corporate coherence: theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, n. 23, p. 1-30, 1994.
THOMSON, R. National scientific capacity and R&D offshoring. Research Policy, v. 42, n. 2, p. 517-528, 2013.
THURSBY, J.; THURSBY, M. Here or there? A survey of factors in multinational R&D location and IP protection. Washington, DC: Marion Ewing Kouffman Foundation, 2006.
UNCTAD. Transnational corporations and internalization of R&D. World Investment Report. New York and Geneva: United Nations, 2005.
URRACA-RUIZ, A.; ROCHA, F. Motivações e possibilidades dos laboratórios de P&D das empresas para-petroleiras no Brasil. In: NEGRI, J. A. de; SOUZA, W. L. de; NEGRI, F. de; TURCHI, L.; WOHLERS, M.; MORAIS, J. M. de; CAVALCANTE, L. R. (Orgs.). Poder de compra da Petrobras. Impactos econômicos nos seus fornecedores. 1. ed. Brasília: Ipea, 2011, v. 2, p. 373-415.
VON ZEDTWITZ, M.; GASSMANN, O. Market versus technology drive in R&D internationalization: four different patterns of managing research and development. Research Policy, v. 31, n. 4, p. 569-588, 2002.
WANG, J. H.; TSAI C. J. National model of technological catching up and innovation: comparing patents of Taiwan and South Korea. Journal of Development Studies, v. 46, n. 8, p. 1404-1423, 2010.
WANG, J.; XUE, A.; LIANG, Z. Multination
The content of the articles and reviews published in RBI are of absolute and exclusive responsibility of their authors.
Downloads
