Resumen
Este artículo analiza el impacto de los factores externos en la evolución de un nicho y, en particular, el cambio de un nicho técnico a un nicho socio-técnico. Cuando revisamos la literatura sobre la evolución de nichos, encontramos que las discusiones sobre el impacto de los factores externos no son claras, particularmente sobre las expectativas de los agentes que financian los proyectos. Por lo tanto, este artículo intenta responder a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: si los cambios en las expectativas de los agentes financieros externos del proyecto pueden contribuir a transformar un nicho técnico en un nicho socio-técnico. Analizamos un caso de nicho de innovación agrícola basado en el fruto nativo de butiá (butiá odorata y otras especies), desarrollado principalmente por la Empresa Brasileña de Investigación Agropecuaria - EMBRAPA Clima Templado, para comprender si los factores externos pueden contribuir a la evolución del nicho y cómo lo hacen. Descubrimos que las nuevas expectativas de los agentes financieros pueden causar un cambio importante en la evolución del nicho. Antes de la existencia de un nuevo agente financiero, la red del nicho se caracterizaba como técnica, compuesta por organizaciones de investigación e investigadores que trabajaban en proyectos de experimentación aislados. Sin embargo, ante la nueva expectativa de un agente financiero externo, se descubrió que la red comenzó a desarrollar, además de actividades experimentales, vínculos con organizaciones en diferentes niveles del sistema de innovación (Upscaling), y procesos horizontales de construcción de conocimiento (Outscaling). También se creó una organización coordinadora más compleja que incorporó la coproducción social del conocimiento, con democracia y participación, y el nicho ha progresado hacia un nicho socio-técnico.
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