Resumen
El principal componente de los vehículos eléctricos (VE) es su batería. Considerando que las baterías litio-ion han ofrecido las mejores respuestas a diferentes problemas tecnológicos, que incluyen el tiempo de recarga, autonomía, peso y densidad energética, se cuestiona cuál ha sido su desarrollo científico y tecnológico a lo largo del tiempo. El objetivo de este artículo es avanzar en la comprensión de este cuestionamiento, a partir de un estudio bibliométrico y de análisis de patentes de las baterías litio-ion para VE. Los resultados indican que la dinámica de publicación de artículos científicos y familias de patentes, ha sido creciente, en especial a partir de 2009, motivada por las preocupaciones ambientales y por el interés de una diversidad de empresas en el crecimiento de este mercado. Países asiáticos como Japón, China, Corea del Sur y Taiwán, así como Estados Unidos y algunos países europeos, son líderes tanto en la publicación de artículos, como en el depósito de patentes. Un aspecto que se destaca, son las redes de colaboración entre universidades para la publicación de artículos científicos, y entre empresas automovilísticas tradicionales y empresas del sector eléctrico-electrónico, para actividades de patenteamiento. Este movimiento evidencia la necesidad de articulación y complementariedad entre diferentes áreas del conocimiento para el avance del desarrollo tecnológico de las baterías de litio-ion.
Citas
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