Palavras-chave
Heterocronia
Biolinguística
Linguística evolucionária
Como Citar
Dados de financiamento
-
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Números do Financiamento 17/24709-0
Resumo
A maioria dos estudos em primatologia têm foco nas semelhanças entre as espécies remanescentes dos gêneros Pan (chimpanzés e bonobos) e Homo (sapiens). Neste artigo, revisamos a literatura sobre as diferenças heterocrônicas no desenvolvimento ontogenético das espécies como uma forma de levantar uma discussão sobre suas diferenças comportamentais, especialmente no que diz respeito ao sistema de comunicação humano. Um conceito-chave aqui é a neotenia, que se refere à desaceleração na taxa de desenvolvimento das espécies. A biologia humana é altamente neotênica e retarda o desenvolvimento durante a primeira década de vida pós-natal. A neotenia humana permite que o nosso cérebro se desenvolva junto com o ambiente, de modo que a biologia, o ambiente físico e o ambiente social não podem ser vistos como visões diferentes do mesmo processo, mas como processos interdependentes que trabalham em conjunto para o desenvolvimento normal dos seres humanos. Com o objetivo de levantar potenciais características biológicas que possam ter auxiliado a emergência da linguagem, ao longo deste artigo, discutimos como a neotenia pode ser um conceito explicativo potencial para algumas diferenças comportamentais entre espécies e como isso poderia se relacionar outros sistemas cognitivos, como a aquisição da linguagem em Homo sapiens.
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