Abstract
The article is mainly based on a selective, parametric and cognitive vision of the second language acquisition/learning. It is observable that in the acquisition of Spanish by Brazilian Portuguese speakers a number of transfer phenomena occur. They involve the understanding of values and the outcome of sentences requesting the personal pronoun, either full or null, chiefly in sentences where one or more clitic is requested. When analysing the collected data, one can see that the learners usestrategies which outdistance both L1 and L2 grammars. Nearing the L1 grammar is usually a strategy adopted by learners in the beginning of the learning process. Some of these above mentioned cases may be considered free generalization, ranging from supergeneralizations to L2 rules flaws. As a result, the interlanguage is mimetic, especially from the sound viewpoint; however, from the grammar point of view there is
not a clear identifiable grammar. These phenomena have been classified as “the other side of transfer”.
References
ABAURRE, M.B.M. Fonologia: a gramática dos sons. Letras 5. Santa Maria, UFSM [1993] p. 9-24.
ABAURRE-GALVES-SCARPA. “A interface fonologia/sintaxe. Evidências do português brasileiro para uma hipótese top-down na aquisição da linguagem (inédito, mimeo, s/d).
CORDER, P. “A role for the mother tongue”. In: GASS, S. & SELINKER, L. (eds.) language Transfer in Language Learning. Rowley, Massachussets, Newbury House Publ. [1983] p. 85-97.
DULAY, H. & BURT, M. Natural sequences in child second language acquisition. Language Learning, 24: 37-53, 1974.
FLYNN, S. Contrast and Construction on a Parameter-Settingn Model of L2 Acquisition. Language Learning, 1(37): 19-62, 1987.
GALVES, C. & ABAURRE, M.B.M. “Os clíticos no português brasileiro. Uma abordagem sintático-fonológica”. Versão preliminar. Campinas, mimeo,1992.
GONZÁLEZ, Neide T. Maia. Cadê o pronome? - O gato comeu. Os pronomes pessoais na aquisição/aprendizagem do espanhol por brasileiros adultos. FFLCH/USP, 1994, inédita.
KATO, M. & TARALLO, F. “Anything YOU can do in Brazilian Portuguese”. In JAEGGLI, º & SILVA-CORVALÁN, C. (eds.) Studies in Romance Linguistics. Dordrecht, Foris [1986] p. 343-358.
KELLERMAN, E. Transfer and not transfer: where are we now? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2(1): 37-58, 1979.
KRASHEN, S. Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1982.
LICERAS, J. M. “La teoría lingüística y la adquisición del español como lengua segunda. In: MEISEL, J. (ed.) Adquisición de lenguaje. Aquisição da linguagem. Frankfurt, Vervuert [1986b] [. 156-181.
______. “The role of intake in second language acquisition”. In: GASS, S. M. & MADDEN, C. G. (eds.) Input in Second Language acquisition.London, Newbury House Publ. [1985] p. 354-373.
______. Adquirir, aprender y enseñar el español como lengua extranjera. Actas de las Primeras Jornadas pedagógicas de ASELE. Madrid, 47-60, 1988.
______. Linguistic Theory and Second Language Acquisition. The Spanish Nonnative Grammar of English Speakers. Tübigen, Narr, 1986a.
LIGHTFOOT, D. How to set parameters: arguments from language change. Cambridge, Massachussets, The MIT Press, 1991.
LORENZO, E. “Sobre el talante y el semblante de la lengua española (1978)”. Em seu: El español y otras lenguas. Madrid, SGEL [1980] p.09-26.
ROBERTS, I. & KATO, M. A. (orgs.) Português brasileiro. Uma viagem diacrônica. Campinas. Ed. da Unicamp, 1993.
SCARPA, E. M. “Sons preenchedores e guardadores de lugar: entre fatos sintáticos e prosódicos na aquisição da linguagem (inédito, mimeo, s/d).
SHARWOOD SMITH, M. “L2 acquisition: logical problems and empirical solutions”. In: PANKHURST, J. et alii (eds.) Learnability and Second Languages: a Book of Reedings. Dordrecht, Foris [1988a] p. 09-35.
______. “On the role of linguistic theory in explanations of second language developmental grammars”. In: FLYNN, S. & O’NEIL, W. (eds.) Linguistics in Second Language Acquisition. Dordrecht, Kluwer [1988b] p. 173-198.
TARALLO, F. “Diagnosticando uma gramática brasileira: o português dáquém e dálém-mar ao final do século XIX”. In: ROBERTS, I. & KATO, M. (orgs.) Português brasileiro. Uma viagem diacrônica. Campinas, Ed. da UNICAMP [1993a] p. 69-105.
______. “Sobre a alegada origem crioula do português brasileiro: mudanças sintáticas aleatórias”. In: ROBERTS, I. & KATO, M. (orgs.) Português brasileiro. Uma viagem diacrônica. Campinas, Ed. da UNICAMP [1993a] p. 35-68.
WHITE, L. “Linguistic theory and second language acquisition. Em seu: UG and Second Language Acquisition. Cópia reprográfica, 1989.
______. “Universal grammar and language transfer”. In: PANKHURST, J. et alii (eds.) Learnability and Second Languages: a Book of Reedings. Dordrecht, Foris [1988a] p. 36-60.
The journal CADERNOS DE ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS is granted all the copyright related to the published works. The originals will not be returned. By virtue of being part of this public access journal, the articles are free to use, with their own attributions, in educational and non-commercial applications