Abstract
The research investigates the Cross Linguistic Influence (CLI) aiming to identify characteristics of the phenomenon that produces it, starting from the distance between the languages and the direction of the influence. To this end, it analyzes the written and oral production of nine multilingual subjects, foreign language learners, carried out under experimental conditions, through which the hypotheses were investigated: (i) the distance between the languages is correlated to the ILC and (ii) the direction of influence is dependent on distance. From the experiment, data on the subjects' production in four languages were extracted, verifying the research hypotheses. The results suggest a correlation between distance and ILC. The direction of influence is not necessarily correlated with the direction of learning (L1 to Ln).
References
AGRESTI, A.; FINLAY, B., Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences. 3th Edition. Prentice Hall, 1997.
ALEXANDER, L. G. Longman English Grammar. Longman Group UK Limited, 1994.
BARROS, A. K. Influência linguística cruzada na perspectiva da produção multilíngue: fatores que interferem na relação L1 – L2 – L3 – Ln quando o português brasileiro é a L1. 2020. 351 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) - Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Mariana, 2020.
BECHARA, E. Moderna Gramática Portuguesa. 37. ed. rev., ampl. e atual. conforme o novo Acordo Ortográfico. – Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 2009.
CAFFAREL, A., MARTIN, J., MATTHIESSEN, C. (eds), Language Typology: A Functional Perspective, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2004.
CATFORD, J. A linguistic theory of translation: an essay in applied linguistics. London: Oxford Univ., 1965.
CENOZ, J. The effect of linguistic distance, L2 status and age on cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen, & U. Jessnes (Eds.), Cross-linguistic Influence in third language acquisition: Pyscholinguistic perspectives. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters, 2001.
CENOZ, J. Cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition: Implications for the organization of the multilingual mental lexicon. In Buletin VALS-ASLA. Bulletin Suisse de linguistique appliquée. Université de Neuchâtel, 2003.
CENOZ, J. The influence of bilingualism on third language acquisition: Focus on multilingualism. Language Teaching, 46, doi:10.1017/S0261444811000218, 2013, p. 71 – 86.
CHISWICK, B.R.; MILLER, P.W. Linguistic distance: A quantitative Measure of the Distance Between English and Other Languages. IZA. Institute for the study of Labor, 2004.
CRYSTAL, D. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge University Press. Second Edition, 1997.
DE ANGELIS, G. Third Additional Language Acquisition. Multilingual Matters LTD. Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto, 2007.
DEWAELE, J - M., Lexical inventions: French interlanguage as L2 versus L3, Applied Linguistics , 19, 1998.
ECKE, P. Lexical retrieval in a third language: evidence from errors and tip- of-the-tongue states. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen and U. Jessner (eds) Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition: Psycholinguistic Perspectives. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2001.
FIGUEREDO, G. Um estudo do conjunto multilíngue interpessoal português brasileiro/inglês. Cad. Trad., Florianópolis, v. 35, nº 1, p. 139-166, jan- jun/ 2015.
FONSECA, L.C.A. Transferência léxico-semântica no multilinguismo. 2014. 85f. (Mestrado em Letras) Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS.
GRIES, S. Statistics for Linguistics with R: a practical introduction. 2ed. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2013.
HASPELMATH, M. et al. The World Atlas of Language Structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Martin Haspelmath, Matthew S. Dryer, David Gil, Bernard Comrie) xv + 695 pp and CD-ROM, 2005.
HALL, C.; ECKE P. Parasitism as a default mechanism in L3 vocabulary acquisition”. In: Cenoz Jasone – Britta Hufeisen – Ulrike Jessner (eds.) The Multilingual Lexicon. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2003.
HALLIDAY, M. A. K. Some reflections on language education in multilingual societies, as seen from the standpoint of linguistics. In: HALLIDAY, M. A. K. Language and Eduction. London: Continuum, 2007
HAMMARBERG, B. Roles of L1 and L2 in L3 production and acquisition. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen & U. Jessner (Eds.), Cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition: Psycholinguistic perspectives. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2001, p. 21 – 41.
HEWINGS, M.; HAINES, S. Grammar and Vocabulary for Advanced. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
HOUSE, J.. Applied Linguistics, Volume 41, Issue 1, February 2020, p. 10–29.
KORDGIEN, O. Gramática sucinta de la lengua francesa. Método: Gaspey Otto Sauer. Herder Editorial. Espanha, 2004.
LEMKE, J. Semiotics and Education. Monograph in Toronto Semiotic Circle Monographs Series, Victoria University, Toronto. 1984.
LLORACK, E.A. Gramática de la Lengua Española. Real Academia Española, Editorial Espasa Calpe, 2000.
MAHBOOB, A.; KNIGHT, N. Appliable linguistics. London e New York, 2010.
MARTIN, J. R.; ROSE, D. Genre Relations: Mapping culture. Equinox. London: Oakville, 2007.
MATTHIESSEN, C.; TERUYA, K.; WU, C. Multilingual studies as a multi-dimensional space of interconnected language studies. In: WEBSTER, J. (Ed.). Meaning in Context: implementing intelligent applications of language studies. London and New York: Continuum, 2008.
MENDONÇA, M.R. Um gênero quadro a quadro: a história em quadrinhos. Gêneros textuais & ensino. Rio de Janeiro: Lucerna, 2002, p. 194-207.
MOITA LOPES. Da aplicação da Linguística à Linguística Aplicada indisciplinar. In: PEREIRA, R. C.; ROCA, P. Linguística Aplicada: um caminho com diferentes acessos. São Paulo: Contexto, 2009, p. 11-24.
RICHARDS, J.C.; SCHMIDT, R. Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. Pearson Education limited – third edition, 2002.
ROTHMAN, J.; GIANCASPRO, D.; HALLORAN, B. English-Spanish Bilingual Learners of Portuguese as a Third Language: Non-Redundant Acquisition and its Typological Nature, 2014.
SELINKER, L.; GASS, S.M. Second Language Acquisition: An introductory course. Third Edition. Routledge: New York and London. Taylor and Francis, 2008.
SHARWOOD, S.; KELLERMAN, E. Crosslinguistic influence in second language acquisition: An introduction. In E. Kellerman and M. Sharwood Smith (eds) Crosslinguistic Influence in Second Language Acquisition. New York: Pergamon Press, 1986, p. 1 – 9.
SHUTTLEWORTH, M; COWIE, M. Dictionary of Translation Studies. Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, London and New York, 2014.
SLOBIN, D. I. Narrating Events in Translation. In D. Ravid; H. B. Shyldkrot (Eds.) Perspectives on language and language development: Essays in honor of Ruth A. Berman. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1994.
SOLIS, J. P. D. Third Language Acquisition: Cross-Linguistic Influence from L1 and L2. TFG Estudis Anglesos. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015.
SPOLSKY, B; HULT, F. The Handbook of Educational Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008.
TAVAKOLI, H. A dictionary of language acquisition: a comprehensive overview of key terms in first and second language acquisition. Tehran: Rahmana Press, 2012.
TREMBLAY, M.C., Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition: The Role of L2 proficiency and L2 exposure. University of Ottawa, 2006.
WANG, T. Cross-linguistic Influence in third language acquisition: factors influencing interlanguage transfer. Columbia University Academic Commons, 2013.
WEBER, J.; HORNER, K. Introducing multilingualism: a social approach. Oxon e New York: Routledge, 2012.
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos