Keywords
Coaches
Autonomic nervous system
Cardiorespiratory fitness
How to Cite
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to verify the heart rate variability (HRV) of children and adolescents according to their nutritional status (BMI) and level of physical fitness. Methodology: The present study had a cross-sectional design, comprising 52 adolescents of both sexes (48% girls), aged between 10 and 17 years. Body mass was assessed using an electronic digital scale, waist circumference using an inelastic tape and the estimate of fat percentage (%F) using a skinfold equation using an adipometer. Somatic maturation was estimated using the Peak Growth Velocity (CVP) formula. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed using a submaximal exercise test on an ergometric treadmill, and HRV using a heart rate monitor, during 10 minutes at rest. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in HRV parameters between the obese and eutrophic groups. However, when divided according to ACR, it was found that obese adolescents with lower ACR had lower values of RMSSD (p<0.05)compared to obese individuals with higher ACR levels. Conclusion: Low levels of ACR can lead to cardiac autonomic dysfunction in adolescents regardless of the presence of obesity.
References
ABRIGNANI, Maurizio Giuseppe; LUCÀ, Fabiana; FAVILLI, Silvia; BENVENUTO, Manuela; RAO, Carmelo Massimiliano; FUSCO, Stefania Angela Di; GABRIELLI, Domenico; GULIZIA, Michele Massimo. Lifestyles and cardiovascular prevention in childhood and adolescence. Pediatriccardiology, v. 40, p. 1113-1125, 2019. Disponível em:https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00246-019-02152-w.pdf?pdf=button. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
ANCONA, Mayara Caleffi; SCODELER, Natália Folco; GUIDI, Renata Michelini; PASCHOAL, Mário Augusto. Variabilidade de frequência cardíaca em crianças eutróficas e obesas nas posições supina e bípede. Revista de Ciências Médicas, v. 18, n. 2, p. 69-79, 2012. Disponível em:https://seer.sis.puc-campinas.edu.br/cienciasmedicas/article/view/644/624. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
BENICHOU, Thomas; PEREIRA, Bruno; MERMILLOD, Martial; TAUVERON, Igor; PFABIGAN, Daniela; MAQDASY, Salwan; DUTHEIL, Frédéric. Heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta–analysis. PloS one, v. 13, n. 4, p. 1-19, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5880391/pdf/pone.0195166.pdf . Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
BOILEAU, R.A.; LOHMAN, T.G.; SLAUGHTER, M.H. Exercise body composition in children and youth. Scandinavian Journal of Sport Sciences, v.7, p. 17-27, 1985.
BRUNETTO, Antonio F. ROSEGUINI, Bruno T.; SILVA, Bruno M.; HIRAI, Daniel M.; GUEDES, Dartagnan Pinto Guedes. Effects of gender and aerobic fitness on cardíac autonomic responses to head-up tilt in healthy adolescents. Pediatric cardiology, v. 26, p. 418-424, 2005.Disponível em: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00246-004-0808-0.pdf?pdf=button. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
CHEN, Su-Ru; CHIU, Hung-Weng; LEE, Yann-Jin.; SHEEN, Tzong-Chi; JENG, Chii. Impact of pubertal development and physical activity on heart rate variability in overweight and obese children in Taiwan. The Journal of School Nursing, v. 28, n. 4, p. 284-290, 2012. Disponível em: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1059840511435248?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
CHUDUC, Hoang; NGUYENPHAN, Kien; NGUYENVIET, Dung. A review of heart rate variability and its applications. APCBEE procedia, v. 7, p. 80-85, 2013.Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212670813001188/pdf?md5=77816f79df35f7c66aca7e983d247b24&pid=1-s2.0-S2212670813001188-main.pdf. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
SILVA, Danilo Fernandes da; BIANCHINI, Josiane Aparecida Alves; ANTONINI, Vanessa Drieli Seron; HERMOSO, Danielle Aparecida Munhos; LOPERA, Carlos Andres; PAGAN, Bruno Guilherme Morais; MCNEIL, Jessica; JUNIOR, Nelson Nardo. Parasympathetic cardiac activity is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese adolescents. Pediatric Cardiology, v. 35, n. 4, p. 684-90, 2014.Disponível em: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00246-013-0838-6.pdf?pdf=button. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
EARNEST, Conrad; ARTERO, Enrique; SUI, Xuemei; LEE, Duck-chul; CHURCH, Timothy; BLAIR, Steven. Maximal estimated cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiometabolic risk factors, and metabolic syndrome in the aerobics center longitudinal study. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Elsevier, v. 88, n. 3, p. 259-270, 2013. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622904/. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
FANG, Su-Chen; WU, Yu-Lin; TSAI, Pei-Shan. Heart rate variability and risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Biological research for nursing, v. 22, n. 1, p. 45-56, 2020. Disponível em: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1099800419877442?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed . Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
FINUCANE, Mariel; STEVENS, Gretchen; COWAN, Melanie; DANAEI, Goodarz; LIN, John; PACIOREK, Christopher; GUTIERREZ, Hialy; LU, Yuan; BAHALIM, Adil; FARZADFAR, Farshad; RILEY, Leanne; EZZATI, Majid. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9· 1 million participants. The lancet, v. 377, n. 9765, p. 557-567, 2011. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673610620375?via%3Dihub. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
GUARINO, Daniela; NANNIPIERI, Monica; LERVASI, Giorgio; TADDEI, Stefano; BRUNO, Rosa. The role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathophysiology of obesity. Frontiers in physiology, v. 8, p. 665, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606212/#:~:text=The%20autonomic%20nervous%20system%20(ANS)%20plays%20a%20major%20role%20in,might%20favor%20body%20weight%20gain. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
GUEDES, Dartagnan Pinto; LOPES, Cynthia Correa; GUEDES, Joana Elisabete Ribeiro Pinto. Reprodutibilidade e validade do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física em adolescentes. Revista brasileira de medicina do esporte, v. 11, p. 151-158, 2005. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/rbme/a/YVD5vfZcMVfNbpzzdTRjR6B/#. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
GUTIN, BERNARD; ENTRETANTO, CHERYLA; JOHNSON, MARIBETH; HUMPHRIES, MATEUS; SNIEDER, HAROLD; BARBEAU, Paulo. Heart rate variability in adolescents: relations to physical activity, fitness, and adiposity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, v. 37, n. 11, p. 1856-1863, 2005. Disponível em: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2005/11000/heart_rate_variability_in_adolescents__relations.5.aspx. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
HÖGSTRÖM, Gabriel; NORDSTRÖM, Anna; NORDSTRÖM, Peter. High aerobic fitness in late adolescence is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction later in life: a nationwide cohort study in men. European Heart Journal, v. 35, n. 44, p. 3133-3140, 2014. Disponível em: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-pdf/35/44/3133/9628851/eht527.pdf. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
IPAQ RESEARCH COMMITTEE et al. Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short and long forms. 2005. Disponível em: https://www.physio-pedia.com/images/c/c7/Quidelines_for_interpreting_the_IPAQ.pdf. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
JANSSEN, Ian; LEBLANC, Allana G. Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, v. 7, n. 1, p. 1-16, 2010. Disponível em: https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
KODAMA, Satoru; SAITO, Kazumi; TANAKA, Shiro; MAKI, Miho; YACHI, Yoko; ASUMI, Mihoki; SUGAWARA, Ayumi; TOTSUKA, Kumiko; SHIMANO, Hitoshi; OHASHI, Yasuo; YAMADA, Nobuhiro; SONE, Hirohito. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. Jama, v. 301, n. 19, p. 2024-2035, 2009.Disponível em: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1108396. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
KOENIG, Julian; RASH, Joshua; CAMPBELL, Tavis; THAYER, Julian; KAESS, Michael. A meta-analysis on sex differences in resting-state vagal activity in children and adolescents. Frontiers in physiology, v. 8, p. 582, 2017.Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5573740/. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
KOENIG, Julian; THAYER, Julian. Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: a meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, v. 64, p. 288-310, 2016. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763415302578?via%3Dihub. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
LIU, Junxiu; SUI, Xuemei; LAVIE, Carl; ZHOU, Haiming; PARK, Yong-Moon; CAI, Boi; LIU, Jihong; BLAIR, Steven. Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on blood pressure trajectory with aging in a cohort of healthy men. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, v. 64, n. 12, p. 1245-1253, 2014. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4171684/pdf/nihms-616363.pdf. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
LOHMAN, T. G. Applicability of body composition techniques and constants for children and youths. Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews, v. 14, p. 325-357, 1986.
MALIK, Marek. Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use: Task force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society for Pacing and Electrophysiology. Annals of Non invasive Electrocardiology, v. 1, n. 2, p. 151-181, 1996. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279548912_Heart_rate_variability_Standards_of_measurement_physiological_interpretation_and_clinical_use. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
MANCIA, Giuseppe; GRASSI, Guido. The autonomic nervous system and hypertension. Circulation research, v. 114, n. 11, p. 1804-1814, 2014. Disponível em: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circresaha.114.302524. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
MANDVIWALA, Taher; KHALID, Umair; DESWAL, Anita. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a risk factor or a risk marker? Current atherosclerosis reports, v. 18, n. 5, p. 21, 2016. Disponível em: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11883-016-0575-4. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
MATSUDO, Sandra; ARAÚJO, Timóteo; MATSUDO, Victor; ANDRADE, Douglas; ANDRADE, Erinaldo; OLIVEIRA, Luis Carlos; BRAGGION, Glaucia. Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ): Estudo de validade e reprodutibilidade no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde, v. 6, n. 2, p. 5-8, 2001. Disponível em: https://rbafs.org.br/RBAFS/article/view/931. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
MELANSON, Edward. Resting heart rate variability in men varying in habitual physical activity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, v. 32, n. 11, p. 1894-1901, 2000. Disponível em: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2000/11000/resting_heart_rate_variability_in_men_varying_in.12.aspx. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
MICHELS, Nathalie; CLAYS, Els; DE BUYZERE, Marc; HUYBRECHTS, Inge; MARILD, Staffan; VANAELST, Barbara; DE HENAUW, Stefaan; SIOEN, Isabelle. Determinants and reference values of short-term heart rate variability in children. European journal of applied physiology, v. 113, p. 1477-1488, 2013. Disponível em: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-012-2572-9. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
MIRWALD, Robert; BAXTER-JONES, Adam; BAILEY, Donald; BEUNEN, Gaston. An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine &science in sports & exercise, v. 34, n. 4, p. 689-694, 2002. Disponível em: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2002/04000/an_assessment_of_maturity_from_anthropometric.20.aspx. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
NAGAI, Narumi; MATSUMOTO, Tamaki; KITA, Hiroko; MORITANI, Toshio. Autonomic nervous system activity and thestate and development of obesity in Japanese school children. Obesity Research, v. 11, p. 1, p. 25-32, 2003. Disponível em: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2003.6. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. World wide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: apooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 1289 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet. v. 390, n. 10113, p. 2627-2642, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5735219/. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
OLIVEIRA, Ricardo Santos; BARKER, Alan Robert; WILKINSON, Kelly Michelle; ABBOTT, Rebecca Anne; WILLIAMS, Craig Anthony. Is cardiac autonomic function associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in children and adolescents? A systematic review of cross-sectional studies. International journal of cardiology, v. 236, p. 113-122, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(16)33182-5/fulltext. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
ONIS, Mercedes de; ONYANGO, Adelheid; BORGHI, Elaine; SIYAM, Amani; NISHIDAA, Chizuru; SIEKMANNA, Jonathan. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bulletin of World Health Organization, v. 85, n. 9, p. 660-7, 2007. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2636412/. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
RODRIGUES, Anabel; PEREZ, Anselmo; CARLETTI, Luciana; BISSOLI, Nazaré; ABREU, Gláucia. Maximum oxygen uptake in adolescents as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing: a classification proposal. Jornal de Pediatria, v. 82, p. 426-430, 2006. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/jped/a/JrnhXRTBLYtvNvCPMgX9xHm/?format=pdf&lang=en. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
ROSS, Robert; BLAIR, Steven; ARENA, Ross; CHURCH, Timothy; DESPRÉS, Jean-Pierre; FRANKLIN, Barry; HASKELL, William; KAMINSKY, Leonardo; LEVINE, Benjamin; LAVIE, Carl; JONATHAN, Myers; NIEBAUER, Josef; SALLIS, Robert; SAWADA, Susumu; SUI, Xuemei; WISLØFF, Ulrik. Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, v. 134, n. 24, p. 653-699, 2016. Disponível em: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000461. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
SANTOS, Tony Meireles; VIANA, Bruno Ferreira; SÁ FILHO, Alberto Souza. Reprodutibilidade do VO2máx estimado na corrida pela frequência cardíaca e consumo de oxigênio de reserva. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, v. 26, p. 29-36, 2012. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/rbefe/a/5JGZcNtSrTZMdptWjVPTgHp/abstract/?lang=pt#. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
SHAFFER, Fred; MCCRATY, Rollin; ZERR, Christopher. A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart's anatomy and heart rate variability. Frontiers in psychology, v. 5, p. 1040, 2014. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4179748/. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
SWAIN, DAVID; PARROTT, JAMES; BENNETT, ANNA; FILIAL, DAVID; DOWLING, ELIZABETH. Validation of a new method for estimating VO2max based on VO2 reserve. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Madison, v. 36, n. 8, p. 1421-6, 2004. Disponível em: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2004/08000/validation_of_a_new_method_for_estimating_v_o2max.22.aspx. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
TSUJI, Hisako; LARSON, Martin; VENDITTI, Ferdinand; MANDERS, Emily; EVANS, Jane; FELDMAN, Charles; LEVY, Daniel. Impact of reduced heart rate variability on risk for cardiac events: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, v. 94, n. 11, p. 2850-2855, 1996. Disponível em: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.94.11.2850. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE (OMS). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). World Health Organization, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). Acesso em: 25 maio. 2023.
ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE (OMS). Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Acesso em: 25 maio. 2023.
XIE, Gui-Ling; WANG, Jing-Hua; ZHOU, Yan; XU, Hui; SUN, Jing-Hui; YANG, Si-Rui. Association of high blood pressure with heart rate variability in children. Iranian journal of pediatrics, v. 23, n. 1, p. 37, 2013. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3574990/. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
YADAV, Ram; YADAV, Prakash; YADAV, Laxmi; AGRAWAL, Kopila; SAH, Santosh; ISLAM, Nazrul. Association between obesity and heart rate variability indices: an intuition toward cardiac autonomic alteration–a risk of CVD. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: Targets and therapy, p. 57-64, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5322847/. Acesso em: 05 set. 2023.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Conexões
Downloads
