Palavras-chave
Concordância
Argumento
Tipologia diacrônica
Indexação.
Como Citar
Resumo
Este trabalho apresenta os primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa tipológica sobre padrões de classificação nominal em línguas indígenas da América do Sul, Mais especificamente analisamos os padrões pelos quais argumentos de uma oração podem ser indexados por morfemas que os categorizam para além de dimensões semânticas dêiticas (como pessoa) e quantitativas (como número), focando em sistemas como gênero, classes nominais e classificadores. A partir de uma amostragem geográfica e filogeneticamente diversificada de línguas do continente, e uma discussão teórica sobre o que é classificação nominal e indexação de argumentos, domo objetivos principais, procuramos explorar as diferentes maneiras formais e semânticas como argumentos podem ser indexados, buscando generalizações entre tipos de sistemas de classificação nominal e sua correlação com outras categorias nominais expressas por verbos ou predicados. Também exploramos algumas generalizações greenberguianas entre padrões de classificação nominal nos verbos, no sintagma nominal e na palavra nominal. Como resultado, encontramos um conjunto de propriedades que servem para distinguir em um plano tipológico sistemas de gênero, classes nominais e classificadores. Argumentamos que essas diferenças tipológicas foram moldadas por forças diacrônicas distintas, a começar pela fonte dos sistemas de gênero, que são morfemas dêiticos como pronomes livres e demonstrativos, em contraste com compostos nominais que são a fonte dos sistemas de classificadores e classes nominais.
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