Keywords
Evidentiality
(in)direct evidential
Tarahumara
Uto-Aztecan
How to Cite
Abstract
The encoding of evidentiality in Uto-Aztecan languages has not received special attention in the descriptions available, even though it is a grammatical category that manifests itself in the vast majority of these languages (Thornes 2018). Norogachi Rarámuri is an Uto-Aztecan language that shows at least a three-way distinction regarding source of the information: reportative, auditive and inferential. Even though not all of the world’s languages have grammaticalized evidentiality, these markers of evidentiality are often closely related to other grammatical categories such as aspect, tense and modality (Aikhenvald 2018; Forker 2018; Hengeveld 2011). This paper focuses on describing the encoding of the reportative evidential, which distinguishes two degrees of distance from the point of view of the speaker: second-hand information through the morpheme -ru, and third-hand information by means of -la ruwá, the latter historically related to the anterior aspect. Motivated by the frequent correlation between aspect and evidentiality, I argue that Norogachi Rarámuri is better understood as having a fourth member within its evidentiality system, which expresses direct unspecified evidence. This fourth distinction is related to the perfective aspect. This paper describes both the aspectual functions of the aforementioned markers and how these acquired evidential meanings.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Jesús Villalpando-Quiñonez
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