Resumen
El Programa de Formación en Investigación Médica fue creado en Estados Unidos en 1956 y consiste en la formación científica de graduados médicos para formar profesionales altamente calificados para el trabajo dual en el contexto médico: clínico e investigador. Este artículo tiene como objetivo informar algunas ocurrencias del Programa de MD/PhD en todo el mundo, utilizando como punto de partida y como inspiración para la investigación de artículos científicos y sitios institucionales que informan sobre la experiencia de MD/PhD, el artículo “The combined medical/PhD degree: a global survey of physician-scientist training programs”. Sin embargo, para el contexto brasileño, se utilizaron datos proporcionados por Capes sobre el financiamiento del programa hasta diciembre de 2019. Los resultados muestran las experiencias del programa de Doctorado /
doctorado en los cinco continentes, incluyendo sus particularidades y similitudes. Y en las consideraciones finales, se presentan puntos comunes abordados en diferentes países y sistemas de MD/PhD, como la inspiración recurrente en el modelo americano y la necesidad de combatir el reciente declive de los investigadores clínicos. En Brasil, así como en países con implementación reciente, el programa aún carece de estudios que evalúen sus impactos. La observación de las características y peculiaridades del MD/PhD en los diferentes continentes y países del mundo permite vislumbrar algunas herramientas que se pueden utilizar para fortalecer y ampliar el programa a nivel nacional.
Citas
ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES (Washington). MD-PhD Dual Degree Training. 2020. Disponível em: https://students-residents.aamc.org/choosing-medical-career/article/md-phd-dual-degree-training. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
ADEFUYE, Anthonio Oladele; ADEOLA, Henry Ademola; BEZUIDENHOUT, Johan. The physician-scientists: rare species in africa. Pan African Medical Journal, [S.L.], v. 29, p. 2-5, 2018. Pan African Medical Journal. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2018.29.8.13239. Acesso em: 23 out. 2020.
ALAMRI, Yassar. The combined medical/PhD degree: a global survey of physician-scientist training programmes. Clinical Medicine, [S.L.], v. 16, n. 3, p. 215-218, jun. 2016. Royal College of Physicians. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.16-3-215. Acesso em: 23 out. 2020.
ANAND, Akshay; RÃO, Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Satyanarayana. Editorial. Recipe for translational research in INDIA: MD-PhD or PhD-MD? Annals Of Neurosciences, [S.L.], v. 20, n. 3, p. 85-85, 1 jul. 2013. SAGE Publications. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200301. Acesso em: 23 out. 2020.
BRASIL. Lei Nº 13.005/2014, de 25 de junho de 2014. Aprova o Plano Nacional de Educação - PNE e dá outras providências. Brasília, Disponível em: http://pne.mec.gov.br/18-planos-subnacionais-de-educacao/543-plano-nacional-de-educacao-lei-n-13-005-2014. Acesso em: 23 out. 2020.
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR – CAPES (Brasília). Edital irá financiar 150 bolsas de doutorado em pesquisa médica. 2014. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/capes/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/edital-ira-financiar-150-bolsas-de-doutorado-em-pesquisa-medica. Acesso em: 25 out. 2020.
CONCHA, Miguel M. ¿Es tiempo de modificar la vinculación pregrado postgrado en la educación médica chilena? Reflexiones sobre una vía de doble titulación Médico cirujano/Doctor en ciencias médicas. Revista Médica de Chile, [S.L.], v. 145, n. 12, p. 1569-1578, dez. 2017. SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID). Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872017001201569. Acesso em: 23 out. 2020.
COX, Timothy M. et al. The Cambridge Bachelor of Medicine (MB)/Doctor of Philosophy (PhD): graduate outcomes of the first mb/phd programme in the uk. Clinical Medicine, [S.L.], v. 12, n. 6, p. 530-534, dez. 2012. Royal College of Physicians. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5922592/. Acesso em: 23 out. 2020.
COX, Timothy M.; WAKEFORD, Richard. The MB PhD Programme. Training to be a clinician-scientist in the UK. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, London, v. 27, n. 2, Apr. 1993. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5396628/pdf/jrcollphyslond90360-0047.pdf. Acesso em: 23 out. 2020.
DUKE-NUS MEDICAL SCHOOL (Singapore). MD-PHD. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/education/our-programmes/md-phd-programme. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
ELEY, Diann S. The clinician-scientist track: an approach addressing Australia’s need for a pathway to train its future clinical academic workforce. BMC Medical Education, [S.L.], v. 18, n. 1, p. 2-9, 3 out. 2018. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1337-5. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
EUROPEAN MD-PHD ASSOCIATION - EMPA (Geneva). Connecting medicine to the future. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.eumdphd.com/. Acesso em: 25 out. 2020.
ESCUELA DE MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD – TecSalud (Monterrey). Programa MD-PhD. 2020. Disponível em: http://escuelademedicina.tec.mx/programa-md-phd/ventajas-del-programa.aspx. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. FMI International MD-PhD Program. [S. l.]: Euraxess, 2019. Disponível em: https://bityli.com/8KlHL. Aceso em: 25 out. 2020.
HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE (Ankara). MD-PhD EDUCATION PROGRAM. 2003. Disponível em: http://www.tip.hacettepe.edu.tr/english/education/md.php. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY (Sapporo). Medical Scientist Training Program (MD-PhD Program). 2020. Disponível em: https://www.med.hokudai.ac.jp/en/graduate/special/mdphd-course.html. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
A KATZ, Arieh; FUTTER, Merle; MAYOSI, Bongani M. The intercalated BSc (Med) Honours/MB ChB and integrated MB ChB/PhD tracks at the University of Cape Town: models for a national medical student research training programme. South African Medical Journal, [S.L.], v. 104, n. 2, p. 111-113, 9 dez. 2013. South African Medical Association NPC. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.7639. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742014000200017&lng=en&nrm=iso. Acesso em: 25 out. 2020.
MONASH UNIVERSITY (Melbourne). Medical Science. 2020b. Disponível em: https://www.monash.edu/study/courses/find-a-course/2021/medical-science-m3701. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
MONASH UNIVERSITY (Melbourne). Bachelor of Medical Science (Hons) Virtual Information Night for 2021. 2020a. Disponível em: https://www.monash.edu/study/courses/find-a-course/2021/medical-science-m3701. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH - NIH (Bethesda). About MD/PhD: Program Overview. 2020. Disponível em: https://mdphd.gpp.nih.gov/about/program-overview. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
OLIVEIRA, R.V.; CAMPOS, P.C.C.; MOURÃO, P.A.S.. An MD-PhD program in Brazil: students’ concepts of science and of common sense. Brazilian Journal Of Medical And Biological Research, [S.L.], v. 44, n. 11, p. 1105-1111, nov. 2011. FapUNIFESP (SciELO). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500126. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjmbr/v44n11/1376.pdf. Acesso em: 23 out. 2020.
SCHERLINGER, Marc et al. Les doubles cursus médecine-sciences em France. Médecine/sciences, [S.L.], v. 34, n. 5, p. 464-472, maio 2018. EDP Sciences. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20183405021.
SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY (Seul). Background. 2020. Disponível em: http://biomed.snu.ac.kr/main/tmpl_eng/sub_main.php?m_cd=3&m_id=0102. Acesso em: 25 out. 2020.
UNIVERDIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, FACULTAD DE MEDICINA (Cidade do México). Plan de estudios combinados en medicina. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.facmed.unam.mx/fm/pecem/docs/PECEM.pdf. Acesso em: 23 out. 2020.
UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI (Helsinki). MD PHD PROGRAMME. 2019. Disponível em: https://studies.helsinki.fi/instructions/article/md-phd-programme. Acesso em: 25 out. 2020.
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE (Braga). MD-PHD. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.med.uminho.pt/en/Post-Graduation/Pages/MDPhD.aspx. Acesso em: 25 out. 2020.
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, MEDICAL CENTER (Omaha). Joint MD/PhD Degree-Seeking Program. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.unmc.edu/global/programs/csc/PhD/joint-mdphd.html. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO (Dunedin). Bachelor of Medical Science with Honours (BMedSc(Hons)). 2020. Disponível em: https://www.otago.ac.nz/medicine/about/programme-structure/options/bmedschons/index.html. Acesso em: 26 out. 2020.
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE (GAUSS). Key Features. Göttingen: GAUSS, 2019. Disponível em: http://www.gpneuro.uni-goettingen.de/content/c_feature.php. Aceso em: 206 out. 2020.
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2022 Hayslla Boaventura Piotto, Luciana Calabró