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Neste artigo, investigamos algumas das relações entre discurso especializado e conhecimento, por meio do estudo discursivo de um livro-texto de genética. Depois da crítica a abordagens convencionais em epistemologia e psicologia em relação ao conhecimento, argumentamos que em primeiro lugar precisamos de uma tipologia detalhada de vários tipos de conhecimento. O conhecimento científico em tal quadro teórico é definido como um conhecimento compartilhado, geral, abstrato e “certificado” de um grupo (profissional). Uma análise da estrutura discursiva de um livro-texto de genética sugere que o conhecimento científico é organizado por meio de esquemas específicos, que englobam categorias como Estrutura, Quantidade, Forma, Composição e Função, entre outras categorias, especialmente para a descrição das “coisas”. Em seguida, assume-se que o conhecimento científico encontra-se necessariamente baseado no conhecimento cotidiano, não especializado de toda a comunidade epistêmica de uma nação ou cultura. O artigo discute muitas propriedades e problemas sobre a natureza da relação entre conhecimento e discurso e conclui que nós ainda sabemos muito pouco sobre tal relação.References
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